The school curriculum includes information about six cases of the Russian language, each student should know their meaning and be able to decline nouns, pronouns, etc. Generations of students compete to come up with a funny and ridiculous rhyme to make it easier for themselves to remember their order when declension. Yes, everyone probably remembers from childhood: “Ivan gave birth …” - and so on …
The word "gave birth" in this mnemonic tongue twister means the genitive case. In grammatical terms, this is not a direct case, but one of five indirect cases. In many languages, it expresses a possessive relation, and also performs other functions. It is easy to recognize it, you need to put the question “who?” to the noun, pronoun, etc. in this case form. or "what?" with the auxiliary word "no", and if it does not change, then it means - this is the genitive case. For example:
a) “nothing?” - suns, conversations, songs;
b) “no one?” - uncles, mothers, dogs.
Sthe genitive case form uses the prepositions "y", "to", "from", "from", "with", "about", "around", "without", "for". For example: near the hut, from the house, around the gazebo. The genitive plural is no exception. For example: near houses, from answers, around plots.
The nominative genitive in the following meanings is used without prepositions:
- In the meaning of belonging, indicates a person who owns some object. For example: Mikhalkov's poems, brother's coat, artist's sketch.
- Finds out the meaning, the relationship between objects. For example: plant manager, part of an aircraft, spelling rule.
- Indicates qualities and attributes. For example: the diligence of a schoolboy, the tenderness of a mother, the blue of the sky, the beauty of flowers.
- When a numeral or a word that defines a measure, quantity, comparison. For example: brighter than the sun, one meter of fabric, ten children, five schoolchildren.
- With a verbal name, where the case form denotes the object on which the action is performed. For example: completing a task, taking Perekop, washing dishes.
The genitive verbal case denotes:
- Direct object if the controlling verb form is negative. For example: does not like flowers, does not take his eyes off the picture.
- If the action of the control verb is not the whole object, but only part of it. For example: pour (a glass of) milk, eat (a crust) of bread.
- After a series of control verbs. For example: to succeed, to wait for a raise, to askforgiveness.
- After those verbs that have the meaning of removal, deprivation, fear and the like. For example: to be afraid of the dark, to lose shelter.
Often the genitive case, the endings of its word forms, are mistakenly replaced by another:
- Accusative with the preposition "for". For example: Pushkin and Lermontov are singers for freedom, instead they are singers of freedom.
- Accusative with the preposition "on". For example: Good nutrition matters not only for the patient, but for the patient.
- The instrumental with the preposition "with". For example: Emotions are inseparable from feelings, instead - from feelings.
- Prepositional with the preposition "on". Young people regard life in terms of a material position, instead of a material position.
- Genitive with a preposition instead of a genitive without a preposition. For example: The public condemned looting and killing against civilians, instead of looting and killing civilians.
Incorrect use of cases is considered a gross speech error. To pass for a competent and intelligent speaker, you need to learn the rules of declension.
