What is the sacrament? This is a form of the verb (some philologists believe that it is an independent part of speech), which denotes a sign of an object by its action. Examples: written, singing, drawn, coloring, whipped.
If the participle has a word dependent on it, then the construction will be called participle turnover. Examples: written by a student, singing a song, drawn by an unknown force, painting with a brush, whipped with a whisk.
Participial phrases usually act as definitions in sentences: isolated, non-isolated, adverbial.
The participial turnover always acts as one, integral member of the sentence, and, therefore, determines one, the main word. Depending on the place in the sentence in relation to the word being defined, it is highlighted or not highlighted with commas. Stands out if it comes after the word it defines.
Examples:
- The sun, rapidly sinking below the horizon, turned the sky a strange pink color.
- The sun fading below the horizon turned the sky a strange pinkish colorcolor.
Gerential participle is the form of a verb (or, according to other philologists, an independent part of speech), denoting an additional action. They never change. Examples: painting, singing, captivating, whipping.
Gerentials, denoting the additional action of the predicate, like it, denotes the action of the subject (only additional).
Example: The boy was walking, bouncing and singing. See: the boy was walking, jumping and humming.
Remember: the gerund denotes an additional action of the predicate. It cannot be linked to other words in the sentence. This is a gross speech error. You can’t say “driving up to the platform, my hat flew off”! After all, it turns out that the hat drove up and flew off! Unfortunately, today many journalists and translators forget about this rule. There are pearls like “leaving the room, I was shaking.”
In order to check whether the gerund is used correctly, it is enough to change it to a verb. If the sentence does not lose its meaning, it is applied correctly.
Examples: sitting yawning from boredom - sitting and yawning from boredom. Sang, rolling his eyes in zeal - sang and rolled his eyes in zeal.
A gerund is a gerund with a word that depends on it. Examples: painting a fence, dragging along, humming softly, whipping into foam.
The adverbial turnover, unlike the participle, is always a circumstance in a sentence. Example: A boy walked quickly down the street, lookingon the sides.
He, like the participle, is a single member of the sentence, refers to one word. Example: He was running (how?), jumping up and down from an overabundance of feelings.
Usually the adverbial phrase, regardless of the place of localization in the sentence, is separated by commas, and therefore is considered a separate circumstance.
Examples: He walked quickly forward, afraid of being late. He, fearing to be late, quickly walked forward. He was tugging at a lock of hair without realizing it.
Sometimes a participle can be part of a stable phrase (phraseological unit). In this case, it will not be separated by commas.
Example: Children listened to an unfamiliar song with bated breath.
The participle and participle turnover are most often used in book speech.
