Today TV does not surprise anyone. This is a box or even a small socket that allows you to display movable pictures. It is hard to imagine that just over a century ago, such technology did not exist in principle. It is only thanks to a huge amount of research that we are able to enjoy television.
About the people who gave us the ability to transmit images at a distance, and will be discussed in this article.
At the origins
Who invented television and in what year? Many people asked this question, but not everyone could give an accurate answer to it.
The question of where television was invented is still open. The answers cannot be unambiguous. This is because more than one person invented the first television. This is the painstaking work of many people.
Where was television invented? Many countries of the world are fighting for this right, in each of which a whole army of scientists worked on this issue. But first things first.
How it all started
The very first who invented television can be considered a Swedish chemist, whose name was Jens Berzelius. The scientist performed many experiments in hislaboratories, as a result of which he discovered a previously unknown chemical element, which was named "selenium".
The importance of this event cannot be overestimated. It has been observed that this element conducts an electric current depending on the amount of light it is exposed to.
Without it, image transmission would not be possible.
From theory to practice
Boris Lvovich Rosing - that's who invented television, historians will say. And they will not be far from the truth.
The biography of this physicist and inventor, who actually gave us the opportunity to spend evenings at the blue screen, is worth studying more deeply.
Boris Lvovich Rosing was born in 1869 in St. Petersburg.
He devoted almost his entire life to work at the institute. This is the St. Petersburg Technological Institute, and the Arkhangelsk Forestry Engineering Institute, and many others, where he was invited as an honorary lecturer. The scientist defended his Ph. D. thesis.
His works were devoted to the study of magnetism, radio engineering, electricity, molecular field, ferromagnets, quantum physics, dynamics.
The idea to transmit an image over a distance came to Boris Lvovich in 1897. He could not imagine his experiments without a cathode ray tube, which had just been invented, as well as studies of the photoelectric effect by physicist Alexander Grigoryevich Stoletov.
His progress in studying the issue was great. Already in the year nineteen hundred and seven the world wasthe technology of creating an image using a cathode-ray tube with a fluorescent screen and rotating mirrors is presented. The inventions of the physicist were patented and recognized in the United States of America, Great Britain, and Germany. The experience was a display of gray bars on a black screen. Everything seems to be so simple. But for that time it was a grandiose breakthrough. The talented scientist was talked about all over the world.
In just four years, a physicist managed to transmit an image over a distance. Most likely, none of the readers have any doubts about who invented television.
In the same year 1911, Rosing made the transition from mechanical to electronic systems.
Until his death in 1933, the physicist did not stop creating and improving his devices, developing new modulation methods, tube designs and circuits.
First experiments with the picture
Who invented television first was the famous American inventor, Mr. Kerry, according to many researchers. The result of his experiments was the first working system with which he was able to transmit an obscure, but still image.
Descendants of inventor Paul Kipkow may argue about who invented television. His experiments were much more perfect, although the principle of operation of the device was identical to Mr. Kerry's equipment. Paul gave his invention the name "deep image". One thousand eight hundred eighty-four stood in the yardyear.
New term
The term "television" itself is attributed to the Russian engineer Konstantin Dmitrievich Persky.
Before that, scientists used complicated expressions like "far-sight" or "electrical telescope".
It is believed that he first introduced it into use in August 1900. This was done within the framework of the International Electrotechnical Congress in Paris. The participants liked the word very much, and they quickly spread it in their social circle upon returning home.
Report "on seeing from a distance" was conducted in French.
A year earlier, Konstantin Persky received a patent for one of the ways to transmit images. Inspired by his success, the engineer enthusiastically told his European colleagues about the colossal opportunities that his technology could give humanity.
A lot is known about the scientist himself. Konstantin Dmitrievich came from a noble family, his ancestors served the Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy himself.
Before devoting his life to inventions, Persky managed to graduate from the Mikhailovsky Artillery Academy, after which he applied his knowledge during the Russo-Turkish War, where he was even awarded the Order of Bravery.
After returning from the battlefield, Konstantin Dmitrievich preferred to connect the military path with science and at the same time become an active member of the St. Petersburg technical and electrical communities.
The most striking achievement in his work was an extensive report en titled "The current state of the issue of electric vision at a distance", which he successfullyrepresented in various educational institutions at home and abroad.
Although the occupation of physics did not prevent the scientist from improving in the military field. In particular, he received the medal of the Chicago World's Fair for a warning device against attempts to secretly enter the premises.
The inventor died in 1906.
Optimistic results
When asked when John Logie Baird invented television, there are fans of his talent who will confidently say that this is one thousand nine hundred and twenty-three. It was then that the scientist was able to transmit the image via a laid cable to his colleague, Charles Jenkins, in the United States of America.
But television is not only the transmission of electrical impulses through wires. In order to run them, you first need a TV camera.
Connoisseurs will say with confidence: a Russian scientist, whose name was Vladimir Zworykin, invented television in 1931 at the facilities of his Radiocorporations of America enterprise. But this is a moot point, because at almost the same time another inventor, Phil Farnsworth, is constructing a similar device.
The name of the sponsor of the Russian scientist who believed in his very futuristic and incredible idea has been preserved in history - this is David Abramovich Sarnov, an American communications operator and businessman. It was thanks to his financial support that the world saw most of the inventions of Vladimir Zworykin.
Firstcamcorders
The first cameras were named "incoscope" and "picture-transmitting tube".
Over the next fourteen years, the devices will undergo major improvements and will have a structure similar to that used in modern devices.
They are based on a cathode ray tube, thanks to which, in fact, the image is transmitted to the viewer.
Color television
Many believe that color television was invented by Soviet engineer Hovhannes Adamyan.
Back in 1918, an inventor received a patent for a signal transmission device he had created. The invention could only transmit two colors at that time.
But it would still be more correct to consider John Logie Brad to be the one who invented television in color. It was this person who connected the green, blue and red filters in such a way that they could broadcast different combinations.
Interesting facts about TV
Black and white television announcers used green lipstick. The red color on the screen looked very light and faded. After many experiments and trials, we came to the conclusion that it is green that is the most harmonious for color rendering.
There are disputes about where and what kind of color program first appeared on the screens. The most common opinion is that it was an English league football match.
Full permanent broadcast began in 1940 in the territoryUSA.
The first commercial program was released in 1951 in the USA. It was a celebrity variety show on CBS.
Summarize the data
The article contains the names of many great people who worked at different times in the laboratories of different countries and continents. Each of them has made a significant contribution to the development of television. Without the work of these wonderful, purposeful people, the transmission of the picture is impossible.
Don't single out one person. Thanks to all this research, today we have the opportunity to enjoy such an everyday phenomenon as television.
