Entomology is one of the branches of zoology. It is based on the study of various types of insects. Entomology has a certain decoding. The words in this combination are ancient Greek. Namely ἔντοΜον - "insect", and λόγος - "teaching". There are a large number of insects. Namely, about 3 million species. Therefore, in order to study them all, the help of many specialists is required.
History of occurrence
Entomology is the science of insects. It originated in the 16th century. It began to improve rapidly, thanks to the development of culture and agriculture (beekeeping).
Many great biologists were interested in this science. It was mastered by C. Darwin, Nobel Laureate Karl von Frisch, writer V. Nabokov, Professor Edward Wilson.
What entomology studies
Until the middle of the 19th century, scientists studied the anatomy of various types of insects, made a description of the skeleton and external organs. A little later, biologists began to improve in this direction. They began to study insects, paying attention not only to the skeleton and organs, but also to individual parts.body. This is a sure fact.
Certain destinations
Entomology is the science of insectoid species, consisting of several sections:
- Theoretical aspects of biological methods of plant protection.
- Influence of biogenic and abiogenic factors on the adaptation processes of insects.
- Ethology.
- Life cycles and ontogenesis of insects.
- Entomofauna.
- Evolution of insects.
- Population entomology.
- Morphology and embryology of insects.
- Theoretical foundations of practical entomology.
- Geographic distribution.
- Systematics.
- Paleontology.
Description of destinations
Every year, biologists study insects to determine what they are for and what their place in nature is. During many studies, various beetles began to be divided into harmful and beneficial types. In other words, entomology is the study of insects, whose main goal is to study the behavior and characteristics of harmful insects, as well as to determine effective methods of dealing with them.
First of all, I would like to draw attention to a certain fact. That is, of all that entomology studies, scientists are more interested in certain types of insects, which can be the main carriers of many diseases. This, in turn, isvery detrimental to human he alth. Also no less important was the study of insects that harmed not only humans, but agricultural plants. Such a detailed study yielded interesting and effective results. Breeding, parasitism, etc. have been observed
In the course of research, practical measures were taken to combat these insects. At the same time, knowledge about the type and lifestyle of each pest was used. Through more detailed biological research and observation of their lives, scientists have been able to develop means to destroy them. Therefore, entomology is a science that has an important character. By trial and error, two methods of dealing with harmful insects have been developed. Namely, a certain spraying of the plant with toxic substances. This procedure contributes to the destruction of these insects. However, it is harmful to human he alth. It should be remembered that, first of all, entomology is the science of beetles and various other insects. The knowledge gained about them will be used for various studies in the future.
Relationship with different species
One can learn about the existence of entomology, its practical significance and development from special editions and magazines. After reading this information, it will become clear that the relationship between some species of insects is very complex. It has always been interesting to observe the life of insects from the side of science. And the knowledge gained was applied in practice. Of particular interest were the dataobservations from both practical and theoretical points of view. It turns out that in many species of beetles, such phenomena as parasitism and symbiosis are common. In the first case, this is when one insect lives at the expense of another. In the second - mutual assistance to each other.
Often parasites can be found in both Diptera and membranous species. An important fact has been noticed more than once. It lies in the fact that some types of parasites can exist due to a certain type of insect, while others can be polyphagous. This is important to remember. There have been cases when parasites live at the expense of others, and then third and fourth. With regards to symbiosis, this phenomenon has been seen among termites, ants. Many other species of insects can live in a community with them. Their lives are interconnected. This is how the concept of termitophilia and myrmecophilia appeared.
Main categories of entomology
There are several provisions in this case. Entomology - the science of insects - is also divided into several categories. Each of them affects certain areas. In this case it is:
Private entomology of insects. It includes the following disciplines:
- Apiology (the study of bees).
- Blattopterology or dictyopterology (cockroaches, ants).
- Dipterology (the study of mosquitoes and flies).
- Hymenopterology (study of bees, wasps, ichneumons, dusters, termites).
- Coleopterology (the study of beetles).
- Lepidopterology (researchLepidoptera).
- Myrmecology (the study of termites.
- Odonatology (dragonflies).
- Orthopterology (the study of the family of locusts, crickets).
- Trichopterology (the study of caddisflies).
- General entomology. It studies the structure, evolution, diversity of insects, life, individual development and their habitat.
- Applied entomology. This is the science of fauna, which includes several areas. Each of them has a significant character. Namely:
- Forest entomology.
- Veterinary.
- Medical.
- Agricultural entomology. She studies a certain type of insect. Namely, those that harm crops, plants, animals and humans. She also studies pollinating insects.
- Forensic entomology. In this case, adhere to a certain direction. That is, this entomology is the science of insects, which is related to forensic medicine, which studies the species that can appear on a human corpse after his death. In other words, with the help of different stages of development of blowfly larvae, it is possible to establish the period of existence of the corpse. This entomology is a science that has certain criteria. For example, if there are no larvae or eggs on the corpse, then death occurred no more than four hours ago. And if they are, then the killing came after 6-12 hours. But if a day has passed, then larger larvae can be found on the body. After 36 hours they increase in size. BUTif two weeks have passed, then their pupation begins. The Chinese at the very beginning of the development of forensic entomology, in the 13th century, began to use fly larvae to solve murder cases.
Higher education institutions studying this science
Problems related to the study of insects in Russia are solved in the following institutions:
- At Moscow State University at the Zoological Museum (Moscow).
- In the laboratory for the study of entomology at the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Biology and Soil Institute). It is located in Vladivostok.
- At RAS (Institute of Evolutionary Morphology). It is located in Moscow.
- Institute. Schmalhausen. It is located in Kyiv.
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Location - Kyiv.
- Issues related to forestry and agricultural entomology are studied at the All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection. It is located in the suburbs of St. Petersburg. And also in all higher institutions that remained after the Soviet Union, engaged in the study of flora. Including at the branch research institute.
- Problems with medical entomology are solved at the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. This is the institute for malaria and parasitic diseases.
- Also, these studies are being conducted in other institutions. Namely, at the German Entomological Educational Institution and the B altic Institute of Coleopterology.
Among the many higher institutions studying this science, about 25,545 articles on entomology have been selected over five years.
Only 5 were marked by their levelestablishments. Namely: University of Florida, California, Riverside Cornell, Davis, TX A&M.
Entomology departments
There are quite a few of them. However, the main ones were created:
- At the Agrarian University in the Kuban. The department was created in 1968.
- At the University. Lomonosov Moscow in 1925. The Faculty of Biology and the Department of Entomology were created here.
- At the University. Timiryazev (MSHA). The department was created in 1920.
- At Saint Petersburg State University.
- The department of entomology was also established in the corresponding educational institution in Saratov. Namely, at the State Agrarian University. Vavilov.
- Another department of entomology was created at the Stavropol Higher Educational Institution. This is at the State Agrarian University. Vavilov.
Entomology organizations
In 1859 K. M. Baer and Academician Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky created the Russian Society for the Study of Entomology. During the Soviet Union, it had a specific name - "All-Union Entomological Society".
Similar organizations were founded in various countries around the world. Namely in:
- France.
- UK.
- Germany (Entomologischer Verein zu Stettin).
- Holland.
- Belgium.
- Russia.
- America (founded 1867).
- Philadelphia (founded 1859).
- Canada.
- Italy.
- Cambridge.
- Germany.
And other entomologicalcommunities are located in:
- Ukraine.
- Britain.
- Japan.
- Brazil.
- Argentina.
- Venezuela.
- Spain
- Colombia.
- Mexico.
- Chile.
There are also international societies: International Society of Hymenopterists, USA, International Palaeoentomological Society.
Also formed the International Union of Social Insect Researchers.
Editorial
The main Russian periodicals on this science are:
- "Entomological Review". Here, the subtleties of this direction are comprehensively described.
- Proceedings of the All-Union Entomological Society.
Also appeared editions:
- Zoosystematica Rossica (1993).
- Russian Entomological Journal. It began to be produced in 1992.
- Eurasian Entomological Journal (2002), etc.
Many systematic descriptions of insects on the territory of the Russian Federation are available in the multi-volume "Fauna of Russia and adjacent countries (USSR)". This type of literature is published in many countries of the world.
Conclusion
After reading this text, everyone will be able to answer the question of what entomology studies, what areas it covers. You just need to read carefullythe above. You can also find out about this on a site such as "molbiol". The entomology is explained in more detail there. In general, you can talk a lot about this science. It is fraught with a lot of interesting and useful for mankind. The main thing is to have an interest in this direction. And if you delve into the very essence of entomology, then it will turn out to be quite an entertaining and instructive science.
