The sociology of labor is a branch of sociology that studies the processes characteristic of society, expressed in the social activity of a person, in his attitude to work, as well as the relationship between people within the same team.
The first works, revealing the concept of labor and exploring it, appeared at the dawn of the 19th century. They were based on practical experience, long-term observations and the study of specific facts. And only half a century later, Frederick Taylor, an engineer from America, combined the results of his research into a system. At first, it was just a matter of finding the best way to perform production operations. Only with time did a direction called "scientific organization of labor" arise. And then, within its framework, such terms as "professional selection", "salary" and many others appeared.
A huge contribution to the fact that the sociology of labor was further developed in the domestic field, was made by AK Gastev. He was convinced that the improvement of work processes is impossible without their systematic study. With the support of V. I. Lenin, A. K. Gastev founded the Central Institutework, which he himself led. In the 1930s, the activities of this institution were recognized as anti-Soviet, and the head was shot.
So, the sociology of labor, as an independent area, separated from the general one, was formed only in the twenties of the past century. And this phenomenon was preceded by the emergence of production as such and scientific views on the workflow.
Sociology of labor includes the following concepts:
1. Character. It is the method by which the performer connects with the means of production. It is determined by those property relations that prevail in a particular environment. By the nature of labor, one can judge its economic and social nature in society, the stage of its development.
2. Content. This concept is manifested in the fact that all labor functions have certainty. They can be due to various technologies, the equipment used, as well as how production is organized, and how developed the skills and abilities of the worker. The nature and content cannot be considered separately, they represent the unity of the form and essence of social labor.
3. Satisfaction. This is how the worker himself evaluates his place in the system of division of labor. In different societies, it can differ significantly.
4. Actual labor. This is the direct activity of the participant in the workflow. It is aimed at getting ahead of the satisfaction of all his needs.
The sociology of labor is inextricably linked with manyeconomic sciences. Without them, it is impossible to conduct full-fledged research and obtain reliable, accurate results. This is statistics, and mathematics, and the organization of production. This, of course, includes other branches of general sociology - the sociology of economics, management, and organization. Also, sciences such as psychology, physiology, jurisprudence and many others continue to have a considerable influence on its formation.
