There are many words in every language, but without the right spelling they mean little. The word is just a linguistic unit. The Russian language is especially rich in them. The syntax of the native language is the main assistant in the design of the grammatical connection of words in sentences and phrases. Knowing the basic rules of this part of linguistics helps people build both written and oral speech.
Concept
Syntax in Russian is a particularly important section that studies the construction of sentences and phrases and, in addition, the ratio of parts of speech in them. This department of linguistics is part of grammar and is inextricably linked with morphology.
Linguists distinguish several types of syntax:
- Communicative. Shows the ratio of word combinations in a sentence, explores different ways of dividing sentences, considers the typology of statements, and so on.
- Static. Considers separate combinations of words and sentences that are not related to each other. The object of study of this type of grammar section is the syntactic norms of the ratios of partsspeech in a sentence or phrase.
- Text syntax. Explores simple and complex sentences, schemes for constructing combinations of words, text. Its purpose is linguistic analysis of the text.
All of the listed types are studying modern Russian. The syntax considers in detail the following units of linguistics: sentence, phrase, text.
Phrase
The phrase is the minimum syntactic unit. These are several words interconnected by semantic, grammatical and intonation load. In this unit, one word will be the main one, and the others will be dependent. For dependent words, you can ask a question from the main one.
There are three types of connection in phrases:
- Join (lie trembling, sing beautifully).
- Agreement (about a sad story, beautiful dress).
- Control (read a book, hate the enemy).
Morphological properties of the main word - the main classification of phrases that the Russian language offers. The syntax in this case divides phrases into:
- adverbial (shortly before the concert);
- nominal (trees in the forest);
- verbs (read a book).
Simple sentences
The Russian language is very diverse. Syntax as a special section has a main unit - a simple sentence.
A sentence is called simple if it has one grammatical basis and consists of one or morewords expressing a complete thought.
A simple sentence can be one-part or two-part. This fact is revealed by the grammatical basis. A one-part proposal is represented by one of the main members of the proposal. Two-part, respectively, subject and predicate. If the sentence is one-part, then it can be divided into:
- Definitely personal. (I wish you love!)
- Indefinitely personal. (Flowers were brought in the morning.)
- Generalized personal. (You can't cook porridge with them.)
- Impersonal. (Evening!)
- Denomination. (Night. Street. Lantern. Pharmacy.)
Two-part can be:
- Common or not common. For this characteristic, the secondary members of the proposal are responsible. If they are not, then the proposal is not common. (Birds sing.) If there is - common (Cats like the sharp aroma of valerian.)
- Complete or incomplete. A sentence is called complete if all members of the sentence are present. (The sun was sinking towards the horizon.) Incomplete - where at least one syntactic unit is missing. Basically, they are characteristic of oral speech, where the meaning cannot be understood without previous statements. (Will you eat? - I will!)
- Complicated. A simple sentence can be complicated by separate and secondary members, homogeneous constructions, introductory words, and appeals. (It gets very cold in our city in winter, especially in February.)
Complex sentences
Complex sentences are sentences built from several grammatical bases.
The Russian language, whose syntax is hard to imagine without complex sentences, offers several types of them:
- Compound. The parts of such a sentence are connected by coordinating conjunctions and coordinating links. Such a connection gives simple sentences as part of a complex one some independence. (The parents went on vacation, and the children stayed with their grandmother.)
- Complex subordinate. The parts of the sentence are connected by subordinating conjunctions and subordinating relationships. Here one simple sentence is subordinate, and the other is main. (She said she would come home late.)
- Unionless. The parts of such a sentence are related in meaning, order of location and intonation. (He went to the cinema, she went home.)
