Any sentence of the Russian language can be divided into components, which in science are called "sentence members". Among them are the main and secondary. Most of the sentences cannot exist without the main ones, they form its basis, and the secondary ones make the text more informative and rich. What are the main and secondary members. suggestions?
Main
The subject and predicate in a sentence are its main members.
- Subject means the thing that does the action. Questions that will help to find it when parsing are "who?" (if the action is performed by an animate object) or "what?" (in case the sentence refers to a phenomenon or an inanimate object).
- The predicate is most often expressed by a verb and means the action that the subject performs. Questions to determine - "what does it do, what does it do?"
Let's take an example: Good moodhelped the boys to overcome difficulties. The question “what” in our example is answered by the word “mood”, it is it that is the subject and, when parsing, is emphasized by one line. To find the predicate, we ask the question: "What did the mood do?" It helped. This word is the predicate, expressed by the verb, underlined by two lines. As a result, the sentence with the main members found looks like this: Good (what?) mood (underlined with a solid line) (what did you do?) helped (underlined with two solid horizontal stripes) the boys overcome difficulties.
How to find out the subject and predicate when parsing
In order not to make a mistake, figuring out where the subject is and what the predicate is, you should use the hint table.
| Parameter | Subject | Predicate |
| Meaning | Protagonist | The action that the subject does or what the subject says |
| Questions answered by |
Who? What? |
Doing what? Do what? |
| Part of Speech |
Noun, pronoun, numeral. Always in the nominative case. Less - adjective, verb. |
Verb. Rarely - noun. |
First of all, you should find the character by asking the question: “Who? What? and that will be it.subject. Next, they look for the predicate.
Minor
To parse the proposal by members, you should be able to find circumstances, definitions and additions. It is they who are the secondary members, the purpose of which is to concretize and clarify the main (or other secondary). How to find them?
- Definition. Questions that will help to detect it in the sentence - "what", "whose".
- Addition. Most often, questions of indirect cases are asked to him: "to whom (what)", "with whom (with what)", "about whom (about what)" and others. That is, questions of all cases, in addition to the nominative.
- Circumstance. It can be found by asking questions of adverbs or gerunds: "from where", "where", "why", "how", "where" and the like.
Let's take an example. Let's find the main and secondary terms. offers:
A little boy hurried along the path.
There is parse the sentence by members, it will turn out like this:
(what, definition) A small (who, subject) boy (as, circumstance) hurriedly (what he did, predicate) walked (along what, addition) along the path.
Each major and minor member. sentence answers its own question, carries a certain load and fulfills its own role in the sentence.
How to recognize
To avoid mistakes when identifying additions, definitions and circumstances, you canuse this pivot table-hint.
| Parameter | Define | Supplement | Circumstance |
| Meaning | Characterizes the feature of an object | Meaning item | It matters place, time, mode of action |
| Questions |
Which one? Which one, which one, which one? Whose? |
Indirect cases: to whom (what), by whom (what) and others | Where, where, where, why, when, how - all questions of adverbs |
| What is expressed |
Adjective Communion A cardinal number The case is the same as the case of the main word |
Noun (both with and without a preposition) Pronoun Case can be anything but nominative |
Adverb Noun |
| As highlighted | Wavy line | Dotted line | Dash dash |
| Example | (What?) A beautiful vase was in (whose?) mother's room. | The kid was carrying (what?) a basket (with what?) of mushrooms. | (where?) It was damp in the forest (when) in autumn. |
To find out which member of the sentence is in front of us, we should first ask a question.
Additional hints
To find the main members of a sentence, you must follow the rules. The subject and predicate are not a phrase, this is already a sentence, albeit a very short one. Mainmembers are independent of each other.
Syntactic analysis should begin with the discovery of the subject, then it turns out what the predicate is, how it is expressed. Then the subject group should be identified with the help of questions, only after that - the predicate group. Each minor term is dependent:
- from one of the main;
- from one of the minor ones.
There can be several main and minor members in one sentence. suggestions. If there are several bases, then the sentence is complex - compound or complex. If there are several definitions, additions, circumstances, but the basis is the same, then the proposal is simple and widespread.
You can often meet appeals, for example: Katya, go do your homework. Despite the fact that the appeal "Katya" resembles the subject, it is not a member of the sentence and is designated as an appeal.
Difficult cases
Not all major and minor sentences look obvious. Difficult but interesting cases are varied:
- There is only one main member in a one-part sentence. It was getting dark (this is a predicate, the sentence is impersonal). Today we were informed (predicate, indefinite-personal sentence) that the exam was cancelled.
- The predicate may include an adjective: The weather was rainy. In this example, the combination "was rainy" is a compound nominal predicate.
- The predicate may include several verbs: Today Vasya started studying. "Began to practice" -compound verb predicate.
Main and minor members. sentences must be highlighted correctly when parsing a sentence.
