Medicine from ancient times enjoyed special honor among different civilizations. Even the author of the Iliad told his compatriots that one skilled doctor is worth hundreds of warriors. Thousands of people from childhood dream of being able to heal others, but only a few of them become real doctors. It's not an easy path to learn how to heal people all your life.
In the Russian Federation there is a university where for more than a quarter of a millennium adepts have been taught to save human lives. A well-known and well-deserved medical educational institution, the Sechenov Institute, enjoys good and well-deserved world fame. It has an impressive history dating back to the "golden" 18th century. Until the 21st century, the "first honey", as hundreds of generations of students have called it and have been calling it, remains true to its motto - to be the first among equals.
Becoming
Oddly enough, the history of medicine in Russia began with the conversion of a rather modest building of the Main Pharmacy (now the Historical Museum) for teaching in 1755. The motive is clear: in a huge country there was no forgemedical personnel. In the former pharmacy, the trading premises were converted into classrooms, and textbooks appeared instead of test tubes and flasks. The first teachers were German professors. On May 26, 1775, they gave lectures to students for the first time.
Fateful for the formation of Russian medicine, the decision was made by Empress Elizabeth in 1758 - to create a domestic Faculty of Medicine at the Moscow Imperial University. The royal decree mobilized the best forces of Russian society. The future 1 Medical Institute was born as a basic Russian institution of medicine. After all, before this fact, the Germans, the British and the Dutch were considered the best doctors in the world, Europe and the world had not heard much about Russian doctors.
The largest faculty of the university was created, and special attention was paid to it. Count Shuvalov is building a new building for medicine on Mokhovaya, he was sure: Russian medicine should be!
Russian medical scientists
Russian medical scientists have appeared. Foma Barsuk-Moiseev became the first Russian doctor of sciences. The foundations of the faculty were created by Russian professors Petr Dmitrievich Veniaminov and Semyon Gerasimovich Zybelin, well-known specialists with brilliant practice, people well-known and highly respected by the metropolitan society. They worked obsessed with the idea, because it was a matter of national importance. Ten years later, professors, carried away by their example, joined the founding enthusiasts: Ivan Andreevich Sibirsky, Ivan Ivanovich Vech, Mikhail Ivanovich Skiadan. It was a success and recognition in itsFatherland. A decade later, the faculty began to award the title of Doctor of Science, which indicated the acquisition of an international status. Even at the earliest stage of its formation, the future Sechenov Institute demonstrated remarkable development dynamics.
XIX century. Growth
The famous university met the beginning of the 19th century by changing its structure. Already in 1804, the Faculty of Medicine received a structure that maximally contributed to the development and prosperity of medical science in Russia. The first departments were established in its composition:
- forensic science, anatomy, physiology;
- surgery;
- internal medicine, pathology and general medicine;
- pharmacy;
- skin diseases;
- midwife.
Thus, the future Sechenov Institute laid the foundation for professional self-determination of students. The task of improving the practical skills of medical personnel, the formation of personal qualities necessary for a physician, was solved by developing the clinical bases of the Faculty of Medicine. In 1805, a number of affiliated clinics of the university began to function: obstetric, therapeutic and surgical.
To the surprise of foreign doctors, innovative approaches to the educational process are being applied by the future Sechenov Institute. Hospital at the university: isn't this the best way to train doctors? As early as 1804, by decree of Tsar Alexander, the Clinical Center was established, and he personally contributed to the creation of an advanced clinical base. In 1805, three institutes worked at the faculty: midwifery, surgical, and clinical. Wasset a European precedent. Napoleon's life physician, seeing the Russian hospital in 1812, was amazed by its appearance and equipment, which he called an ornament for any highly developed nation.
II half of the 19th century - maturity
During the second half of the 19th century, nine more departments were founded: pediatric medicine, venereal and skin diseases, hygiene, histology, medical history, general pathology, psychiatry, pharmacology, topographic anatomy and operative surgery. A number of faculty clinics have been opened. The Sechenov Institute has entered the next stage of its development. The existing system was further developed by graduates of the faculty - famous, talented, creative.
Here is an incomplete list of doctors of medical sciences who taught at the Faculty of Medicine in the 19th century. Many of the names presented in it represent the pride of Russian and world medicine: hygienist Fedor Fedorovich Erisman, classic of military field surgery Nikolai Vasilievich Sklifosovsky, classic of surgery Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov, microbiologist Georgy Norbertovich Gabrichevsky, neuropathologist Alexei Yakovlevich Kozhevnikov, founder of the pediatric school Nil Fedorovich Filatov, founder of Russian gynecology Vladimir Fedorovich Snegiryov, pathologist Mikhail Nikiforovich Nikiforov, psychiatrist Sergei Sergeevich Korsakov, creator of physiology Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov, therapist Alexei Alexandrovich Ostroumov, therapist Grigory Ivanovich Sokolsky, therapist Grigory Antonovich Zakharyin, therapist Iustin Evdokimovich Dyadkovsky,therapist, surgeon, prominent theorist and practitioner Sergei Petrovich Botkin, physiologist Alexei Matveevich Filomafitsky, surgeon Vasily Aleksandrovich Basov, surgeon Petr Ivanovich Dyakonov, expert in forensic medicine Ilya Egorovich Gruzinov, histologist Alexander Ivanovich Babukhin, anatomy specialist Dmitry Nikolaevich Zernov, surgeon Fedor Ivanovich Inozemtsev, specialist in anatomy and physiology Efrem Osipovich Mukhin. Each of them brought something of their own to medicine, the life of any of them is serving people.
The Medical Faculty of the Russian Duma in 1884 was given an area of 40 thousand square fathoms on the Maiden's Field. Here, in 5 years, the most advanced town in Europe was built from 13 clinics and 2 institutes, taking into account the experience of Berlin, Paris, Zurich.
XX century - Soviet era
In Soviet times, in 1930, the faculty left the Moscow State University (legal successor of the Moscow Imperial University) and became the First Moscow Medical Institute (MMI). His pets made an invaluable contribution to the Victory, providing medical assistance on all fronts of the Great Patriotic War. In the formidable wartime, its brightest graduates headed the medical support of the Red Army. Among them:
- Colonel General, Chief Surgeon of the Red Army, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Nikolai Nilovich Burdenko;
- Alexander Leonidovich Myasnikov, Chief Surgeon of the Navy, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences;
- Mikhail Nikiforovich Akhutin, Isaac Solomonovich Zhorov, Nikolai Nikolaevich Elansky, Viktor Ivanovich Struchkov, Evgeny Sergeevich Shakhbazyan - chief surgeons of fronts and armies;
- TheodosiusRomanovich Borodulin, Vladimir Kharitonovich Vasilenko, Ghukasyan Aram Grigoryevich - the main therapists of fronts and armies.
Since 1955, the First Medical Institute bears the name of Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov, his graduate. The name of the outstanding scientist was given to the university, which gave him a ticket to the profession. This ingenious founder of physiology, a rationalist scientist, with his life is a vivid example for many subsequent generations of physicians. Be sure to read his surprisingly frank and touching "Autobiography" - the confession of an honest, clean, deeply decent person.
Students and teachers enthusiastically and gratefully accepted the new name of their alma mater.
In the post-war period, many scientists glorified the university for their service to medicine, among them academicians Mikhail Izrailevich Perelman and Leo Bokeria. Academician Perelman, for example, performed more than 3,500 operations in the treatment of tuberculosis, cancer, and inflammatory and purulent diseases. Academician Leo Bokeria is considered by experts to be one of the best cardiac surgeons in the world. Many former students proudly identify with their school.
Modernity
The Sechenov First Medical Institute currently trains medical personnel at the following faculties: pre-university education, medical, preventive, pediatric, nursing higher education and socio-psychological work, dental, pharmaceutical, as well as in the internal division - institute of vocational education. From the first year students not only studytreat diseases, they delve into medicine as a science. Students know that studying at First Med is harder than at other medical universities (including Moscow institutes).
First honey is a leader in the use of Internet technologies in education. The teaching staff has developed specialized medical webinars. Video recordings of lectures by leading scientists are presented. All this information is provided by the Institute's website. Doctors from all over Russia learn about the latest trends in the development of medical science using the Internet resources of First Med.
In residency, future doctors are educated in 54 speci alties. The internship trains physicians in 26 speci alties.
In 1990, Russia made an investment in the future: 1 Sechenov Medical Institute was replenished with a research center with seven institutes developing fundamental medicine.
World medicine highly appreciates the quality of study at the university; foreign students from 70 countries of the world study here. Many of the foreign graduates go on to become he alth leaders in their home countries. For many medical universities in the world, the Sechenov Institute has become a reliable counterparty. Its address - 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya street, house 8, building 2 - is known both in Russia and abroad.
Clinical base of the First Med has 3000 beds in 19 clinics. More than 650 types of examinations are carried out on the equipment of clinics.
Healingfaculty
The medical faculty is the largest, part of the Sechenov First Medical Institute. This is the flagship of the university. He began his work in 1758. More than 5,000 future doctors are trained there. Full-time students take a six-year course of study, correspondence students take a seven-year course. The faculty has 46 departments. The teaching staff of the departments has a very high level. Most of the departments are headed by corresponding members of the Russian Academies of Sciences. More than 600 doctors become its graduates every year.
Faculty of Medical Prevention
The Faculty of Preventive Medicine has been part of the First Medical Faculty since 1930. 15 of its departments work on the training of specialists. The faculty scientifically researches various hygienic topics related to the actual problems of the life of society. The organization of rational nutrition is being studied, new products are being developed, dietology is being developed as a method of clinical treatment, occupational diseases are being investigated. The faculty trains 600 people who receive the speci alty "Hygiene, epidemiology and sanitation".
Faculty of Pediatrics
The Pediatric Faculty was replenished with the First Medical Department relatively recently, in 2010. The purpose of its creation was to give a continuous character to training and education. The faculty has 7 departments: Pediatrics and Pediatric Rheumatology, Pediatric Surgery, Propaedeutics of Children's Diseases, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Children's Hygiene, Pediatrics. Evidence of recognition of scientificThe activity of the faculty is the assignment in 2011 of the title of academician to one of the heads of departments, as well as the election of three more of them as corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences.
Faculty of Dentistry
The names of the departments of the Faculty of Dentistry (there are seven of them) testify to the specializations of the dentists trained by him: these are maxillofacial surgery, pediatric dentistry, therapeutic, surgical, orthopedic dentistry, communal and preventive dentistry, propaedeutics of dental diseases. The departments are located directly in 5 central specialized clinics and in the department of maxillofacial surgery. The Medical Institute, specializing in dentistry, trains students according to a five-year program. Forms of study: full-time (budgetary and commercial) and part-time
Skilled nurses
The Faculty of Higher Nursing Education was established in 1991. Its appearance was facilitated by the introduction of the speci alties "social work" and "clinical psychology".
There are 4 departments at the faculty: nursing, pedagogy and psychology, social work, commodity science. The Medical Institute trains nursing professionals with higher and secondary vocational education in five areas - for each level.
Pre-university preparation of applicants
The Faculty of Pre-University Education prepares applicants for admission. Its goal is to form in future students the necessary professional motivation andadapt them for future studies. Graduation students are purposefully preparing for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language, biology, chemistry.
Thanks to the faculty, there is a practice of successful admission of faculty students to Med. institute. Sechenov. Applicants are trained by experienced teachers in specialized subjects: chemistry, biology, Russian, foreign languages. Thus, young people who want to become doctors are preparing in depth for the unified state exams centrally held in schools in the Russian Federation.
Evidence of the educational level of applicants is the passing score for the USE-2014, averaged per subject 86.1 points. This year, 1351 applicants entered the budget form of education of the First Medical School.
The faculty of pre-university training significantly increases the chances of applicants, because up to 70% of students really achieve what they want. This level of training is demonstrated by the leading Moscow institutes, and among medical ones it is the highest.
Faculty of Pharmacy
Education of 2000 students of the Faculty of Pharmacy is carried out by its sixteen departments. Students are trained professionally to find, make, store and identify medicines. The relevance of this profession is determined by the vital importance of drugs. The modern level of pharmaceuticals determines the five-year training of specialists adequately to the current world standards. Students study in depth pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical chemistry, drug technology, economics and organization of pharmacy. On thefaculty in the teaching staff work: academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, two corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, about 30 professors. Honey. The Sechenov Institute prepares pharmacists of the highest qualification.
Institute for Advanced Studies
The Vocational Education Institute under the First Medical Institute has been operating since 2013. He specializes in the retraining of existing medical workers and in improving their skills. More than 12 thousand people study here every year. In the university, in addition to the theoretical training of students, specialists are trained in doctoral studies, residency, and internships. Its departments are located both in the University Clinical Center and at the clinical bases of leading research institutes, the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and central city clinical hospitals. Thus, specialists are trained in modern methods of treatment and diagnostics, in the course of treating real patients from real diseases. Together with teachers, students make rounds of patients, make an anamnesis, make a diagnosis and determine the tactics of treating the disease. The institute has distance learning programs available for doctors in large cities of the Russian Federation.
Currently, for the quality preparation of applicants, medical colleges in Moscow at institutes are considered good form. First Med also uses its lyceum to improve the quality of its student audience.
Conclusion
First Moscow State Institute. Sechenov is rightfully considered the main Russian medical university. Its main activities - education, science and treatment - are balanced and carried out under a commonscientific council coordination.
At the same time, both adherence to traditions and the priority of introducing promising technologies are supported. The first honey looks to the future with confidence.
