Participles and participles are one of the most problematic topics in the Russian language. In life, we often use them. Nevertheless, even quite literate and intelligent people sometimes have problems with the correct spelling and punctuation of the adverbial phrase. It's actually not as difficult as it seems.
The participle and gerund are special impersonal forms of the verb. True, some linguists single out the participle and the participle as separate parts of speech, but this is not very reasonable, because, firstly, both the participle and the participle most often denote actions, albeit side ones. And, secondly, they do not have their own original permanent or non-permanent features that no other part of speech would have.
First participles appeared in Russian. These were special forms denoting, as mentioned earlier, non-main, side effects. In oral speech, participles are difficult to correctly change and coordinate, therefore they were originally a sign of written speech. Participleis a "mixture" of a verb with an adjective. From the verb, participles have constant signs: tense, voice, and from the adjective - inconstant: number, case and gender. Participles come in two tenses (present and past) and two pledges (active and passive).
In total, up to four participles can be formed from one verb, but not always, this is the maximum, sometimes participles are not formed from verbs at all. To understand whether it is possible to form a specific participle from a verb or not, only taste or linguistic flair can help, which is why foreigners so often make mistakes in the formation of participles and participles and consider them almost the most difficult topic in learning the Russian language.
Then the most used, popular forms of participles "froze" and turned out to be gerunds - a "mixture" of a verb and an adverb, so knowing what an adverb is helps to understand what a gerund is. From the verb, the participles have the same thing as the participles - time and pledge, and from the adverbs - immutability. So what is a participial turnover? This is a participle and words dependent on it. The most important thing to remember about it is how punctuation marks are placed around it. Participle turnover - commas are placed on two, namely on two sides. This, by the way, also applies to participle turnover. It is also always separated from both sides by commas.
What is a participle? It is easy to give examples: “Slouching, Vadim entered the room” or “Travelers tried to make outlow without asking any questions.”
And the second thing to remember: both the participial and the participle are, when parsed, one member of the sentence, most often the participial is a definition, the participle is a circumstance, but it can also be an addition.
Now you should have no questions about what a participle is. But if such an unfortunate misunderstanding does happen, I advise you to turn to the Russian textbooks for the 7th grade authored by Babaitseva for an understanding of the theory, and to Rosenthal's collections for training. After practice, it will be much easier to figure out what a participle is.
