The organization of educational activities requires the teacher to be aware of certain didactic techniques. Let's dwell on this issue in more detail, given its relevance.
Theoretical aspects
The principle of minimax in pedagogy is that the educational organization offers each child the content of education at the optimal (creative level). The school ensures its full assimilation, in particular, no less than the standards of the Federal State Educational Standard.
The minimum level is set within the framework of the state educational standard. It reflects a level that is safe for society, which every OU graduate must master.
The maximum level corresponds to the possibilities that the educational program used by the teacher has.
The minimax principle corresponds to the student-centeredapproach is a self-regulating system. Each child has real opportunities for self-development, taking into account his abilities and abilities. Note that even when choosing a minimum level, mandatory reporting is expected for each student.
Psychological comfort
What is the didactic principle of minimax? Let's start with how important it is to remove all stressful factors in the educational process, to create a comfortable and friendly environment based on the pedagogy of cooperation.
The teacher in the class team entrusted to him forms a benevolent, calm aura, which positively affects the ability of each participant to show their intellectual and creative abilities to others.
The minimax principle allows children to get rid of the fear of bad grades. In the lessons of mastering new knowledge, as part of independent work, tasks of a creative plan, the teacher evaluates success, identifies and corrects errors. As part of the reflection, independent control is used, and marks are placed in the journal at the request of the child. Evaluation of test papers is supposed to be based on two levels of complexity, so that each student has the opportunity to get a high mark for his work.
Parents should inspire their baby, instill in him faith in victory, encourage even his smallest creative desire, support emotionally in case of a negative experience.
Activeapproach
The minimax principle corresponds to the technology of project-based learning. The essence is to offer the student not a finished educational product, but some idea, working on which, he will independently acquire certain skills and abilities. As part of the modernization of domestic education, this approach is becoming more and more in demand, it fully complies with the requirements of the second generation of the Federal State Educational Standard.
The minimax principle implies a connection between different levels of learning (continuity of development). As part of school activities, the child receives a generalized, formed, holistic picture of the relationship between society and nature. Activities are oriented towards creativity to the maximum extent. This gives students the opportunity to acquire their own experience, self-realization, self-development in the course of educational and extracurricular activities.
Uniqueness of the technique
The minimax principle contributes to the formation in children and adolescents of the skill of systematic enumeration of various options for solving a specific problem. It allows children to quickly find the only correct answer.
Despite the fact that the minimax principle did not appear in the pedagogical field, it is currently in demand in Russian educational institutions.
Historical background
This concept was introduced in 1928 by John von Neumann, the developer of the basic concepts of game theory. In the event of a clash of interests of opposing parties, the person who makes the decision must evaluate all potential behavioral strategies, calculatea guaranteed outcome for each situation, and then choose the answer with the lowest cost.
The didactic principle of minimax is similar to Neumann's idea, it connects two sides of the educational process: students and teachers.
Differences in pedagogy
In any educational process, theoretical knowledge and practical skills should be contained to the maximum extent, having mastered which, the child will be able to overcome at least some minimum. That is why the authors try to include two levels of complexity in various methodological manuals and educational literature: mandatory (FSES), additional (optimal).
Minimax is fundamentally different from classical education in its information content, a departure from the averaging of schoolchildren.
The child has the right to choose: stop at the minimum amount of ZUN or go further with the teacher.
The minimax principle was tested in Russian preschool institutions. He showed his high efficiency. Parents of toddlers, in the work with which teachers used the new method, noted an increase in their children's interest in independent active work. Only a small number of preschoolers stopped at the minimum achieved level. Most continued to develop intellectually and creatively with interest, setting themselves more and more ambitious design and research goals and objectives.
Summarize
Children are differentfrom each other in terms of the speed of understanding and assimilation of certain theoretical and practical information. Education in a classical school has always been focused on the "average" child, so both weak and gifted children experienced difficulties. In order to take into account the individual intellectual and creative abilities and capabilities of each baby, you can arm yourself with the minimax principle. This system is self-regulating, it is suitable for any class team, kindergarten group.
A weak child will stop at the minimum level of ZUN, but at the same time he will always feel comfortable in a group (class). The strong one will get the opportunity for maximum development, especially if the parents create a situation of success for him, demonstrating a genuine interest in the achievements of their child.
Psychologists are convinced that there will be no benefit from academic success if the base is the fear of adults, the suppression of the parents of the personal "I" of their baby.
Psychological comfort should be present not only in kindergarten, school, but also within the family. Relatives should become allies for their kids, help in overcoming stressful situations in order to avoid tension and neuroses that negatively affect physical he alth.
