Hot meals at school is one of the factors in the physical and mental he alth of the younger generation. It is necessary to pay close attention to this issue. Let's analyze how hot meals are organized at school.
Eating mode
For schoolchildren of Russian educational institutions, two meals a day are expected: breakfast and lunch. Children attending an after-school group are additionally required to receive an afternoon snack.
The round-the-clock presence of children in boarding schools involves five meals a day. An hour before bedtime, in the form of a second dinner, the guys get a glass of yogurt, fermented baked milk or kefir.
Breaks between main meals should not exceed four hours.
Employee Requirements
Organization of hot mealsrequires compliance with the rules of personal hygiene by the employees of the catering department. Only he althy employees who undergo a medical examination in a timely manner in accordance with the instructions and orders in force in the educational institution are allowed to prepare food for schoolchildren. Each employee is required to have a personal sanitary book, which indicates information about past medical tests, infectious diseases, passing the sanitary minimum.
Hygiene rules
There are certain hygiene rules for employees who prepare hot meals for schoolchildren. They are required to come to the workplace in clean shoes and clothes, leave a hat, personal belongings, outerwear in the dressing room.
Persons who are responsible for hot meals in an educational organization are required to cut their nails short.
Before starting work, they thoroughly wash their hands and put on clean clothes. In case of colds or intestinal disorders, in case of burns or cuts, they are obliged to inform the school administration about this, seek help from a medical institution. The administration of an educational institution has the right to suspend an employee of the school cafeteria from performing official duties if he refuses to seek professional help from a medical institution.
Requirements for catering
There are also certain requirements for the place where hot meals are prepared for schoolchildren. Not in the cateringsmoking, eating, drinking alcohol is allowed. Before the start of the shift, the medical officer checks the canteen workers for the absence of obvious purulent diseases on the skin, and also takes samples of dishes offered to children and employees of the educational organization for examination.
Each school food block should have a first aid kit containing all the necessary first aid supplies.
Provision of hot meals is carried out only with the permission of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.
Organizing meals
Hot meals in Russian educational institutions are provided by classes (groups) at big breaks. Their duration should not be less than 15 minutes. In order for the guys to have time to have lunch, at the end of the lesson (5-10 minutes before), the attendants go to the school cafeteria. They set tables for the whole class, observing the rules of personal hygiene. Certain tables are assigned to each class team.
According to the rules adopted in each educational organization, duty is carried out by children over fourteen years old, and the teacher on duty leads the process.
Hot meals at the school are often organized through the distribution line. The presence of children is strictly prohibited in the production premises of the school canteen. Also, they should not be involved in work that is associated with the process of cooking, cutting bread, washing dirty dishes.
Prohibited List for Educational Organizations
It is strictly forbidden to use for school meals products that have expired, signs of poor quality have been identified. Hot food does not allow the use of leftover food from the previous day. It is also forbidden to use vegetables and fruits in school canteens that show signs of spoilage. Meat and fish for cooking must undergo preliminary veterinary control.
On the list of prohibited foods for children, canned food without labels, with signs of rust, not sealed. The ban applies to non-industrial food products, cakes, pastries with butter cream, mushrooms, kvass, milk (without pasteurization and primary processing). Dishes made from raw smoked sausages and gastronomic products are prohibited in the school canteen. No coffee, energy drinks, alcohol, soda, vegetable fat ice cream.
School hot meals should not contain ketchups, hot sauces, pickled fruits and vegetables, hot peppers.
Soups and main courses in the educational canteen cannot be made from instant concentrates.
Rationality and balance in nutrition
Which food should be used for hot school meals? The axiom of he althy and balanced nutrition provides for the following rules:
- corresponding to calorie content (energyvalues) dishes to the physiological age needs of elementary school students and teenagers;
- inclusion in the diet of the necessary ratio of the main substances for growth and development;
- use of foods fortified with vitamins;
- technological processing of products, which allows to ensure the full taste of products while maintaining their value;
- optimal distribution of the daily food intake for individual meals.
Important points
In the canteen of a general educational organization, you must have an approximate menu for two weeks, which is developed based on the physiological needs of the child's body for nutrients, as well as taking into account the standards approved by the sanitary and epidemiological services and the rules of the institution.
For example, the following foods should be included in the daily school menu: vegetables, vegetable and butter, sugar. Twice a week, eggs, cottage cheese, cheese, fish, sour cream are added to dishes.
Assortment of dishes
Breakfast in the school cafeteria should consist of a snack, a hot dish and a drink. It is also advisable to offer fruits and vegetables to children.
In addition to salad, for lunch they serve a hot dish, meat or fish with a side dish. As an appetizer, a salad of tomatoes, cucumbers, sauerkraut or fresh cabbage, beets, carrots is allowed. As an additional side dish, portioned vegetables are allowed. In order to improve the taste of snacks, it is allowed to add nuts, raisins, prunes, apples to the salad.
Recommended as an afternoon snackfermented milk products, juices, jelly, supplemented with buns without cream.
Dinner is supposed to be a vegetable or cottage cheese dish, porridge, a drink, as well as poultry or fish. As an addition, a fermented milk product is allowed, a bun without butter cream.
If a product is missing, it is necessary to select a replacement for it that is equivalent in nutritional value.
Nutritional standards
They must fully comply with the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. For weakened, malnourished children and adolescents, according to the decision of the doctor, additional food may be offered.
If the stay in an educational institution of children and adolescents exceeds four hours, the organization of hot meals is a mandatory element of the work of the school.
In addition to the free sale of ready-made meals, it is allowed to organize a buffet, the assortment of which includes culinary products for intermediate meals for children and teachers.
Sale in the buffet of bakery products should be carried out in an amount of at least two or three types of pastries. In addition to rich bakery products, schoolchildren are allowed to sell baked goods enriched with vitamin and mineral mixtures (rolls with marmalade, berries, jam).
Also in the recommendations for organizing school meals, the inclusion of bran or whole grain buns in the assortment is noted.
Reviews of doctors
Medical workers are convinced that catering in domestic educational institutions is importantand responsible task. They note that the physical and psychological he alth of schoolchildren, and, consequently, the final result of education, directly depends on the correctness and rationality of the approach to this issue. In a school where children stay for 3-6 hours, pediatricians are sure that there should be a buffet. Here, students can be offered hot meals, as well as bakery products, for free sale.
In buffets and canteens of educational institutions, the sale of flour confectionery products (waffles, rolls, gingerbread, gingerbread) weighing up to one hundred grams, as well as their own pastries, is allowed in unlimited quantities. The exception is products with cream (oil) filling.
Vinaigrettes and salads are recommended from the dishes prepared by the school canteen workers. Serving sizes are allowed between 30 and 200 grams.
Salad dressing is carried out immediately before the sale. As hot dishes allowed for sale as part of school meals, one can single out boiled sausages in dough, hot sandwiches with boiled sausage, cheese. They are prepared before sale by heating them in microwave ovens. The recommended shelf life and sale of such products should not exceed three hours after manufacture (if the educational institution has a cooling counter).
As part of preferential meals for schoolchildren for budgetary funds, as well as through subventions from charitable organizations, educational institutions are recommended to organize hot breakfasts. First of all, they are provided to elementary school students, as well as children fromlow-income families.
