A schoolyard is a territory that can be put in order not by teachers and parents, but by the schoolchildren themselves. Consider some recommendations for such work, we will give an example of finished projects.
Plot features
The school site from the point of view of city planners is a territory of the urban landscape of a special purpose. It is characterized by limited use. Currently, urban landscapes are turning into some kind of core of anthropogenic destruction of wildlife. Human action on the urban environment has led to the fact that it is not capable of self-restoration.
Due to the current situation, environmental sustainability is coming to the fore in creating space. This is one of the conditions for harmonizing the urban environment. The design of the school site provides an opportunity to restore natural balance.
Theoretical foundations
New eco-landscape approach to gardening involves the optimization of the territory, the creation of a stable ecosystem on it. Landscaping of the school site allows the use of innovative urban planning technologies. They can create experimental sites where children (during the holidays) will study the plant world, take care of living plantings.
Steps of work
The school district is formed during several successive stages:
- survey of land;
- designing with landscape design;
- implementation of the created project;
- care of objects.
At the first stage, soil and vegetation are studied. The state of the territory at the time of the design reflects the original plan.
The design of a school site involves thinking through zoning, selecting plants, shrubs, compiling a composition from the selected material, creating a general plan for the site, and completing documentation.
Implementation is the organization of planned landscape objects, as well as the implementation of plantings in the selected area.
Landscape design of school grounds
In order to arrange a school site with your own hands, you need to take into account the specifics of the territory, as well as the cost of acquiring plants and shrubs. Planting care can be carried out by high school students; for this, teachers draw up a calendar-technological map. The annual plan includes practical classes for children on the site, as well asdevelop the theme. Special attention deserves safety in the school area.
The selection of forms and methods of organizing work is determined depending on the level of training of students, the availability of practical skills, the material base of the educational institution.
The school site allows teachers to develop the skills of caring for wildlife in the younger generation.
Basic terms
Design is a term that refers to different types of design work designed to shape the functional and aesthetic qualities of the environment. Technical aesthetics deals with the study of technical, social, cultural problems of the formation of an objective harmonious environment obtained by means of industrial production to create optimal conditions for living, working, and relaxing people. The landscape design project is a set of documents:
- master plan;
- landing drawing indicating the placement of shrubs and trees;
- layout drawing;
- range of planting stock;
- scheduling;
- action schedule;
- estimated estimate;
- explanatory note.
Project Sections
Educators and parents can develop a plan for the school site together with schoolchildren, taking into account their suggestions and interesting ideas.
The project can include the following sections:
- detailed sketches of flower beds, garden plots;
- vertical planning plan;
- perspective drawings of some elements of the landscape: small architectural forms, sports grounds;
- set of working drawings.
Stages of landscape design
Survey of the school site consists of several stages:
- visual inspection;
- surveying;
- soil analysis;
- site hydrology characteristics;
- light it at different times of the day.
There is a certain algorithm according to which the master plan is drawn up. The project of the school site should begin with determining the size of the territory. Next, the optimal drawing scale is selected. Then the outlines of the boundaries are outlined, the orientation of the site relative to the cardinal points is indicated, the number of structures is set.
Plants of the school plot should be selected taking into account the climatic conditions of the area. On the master plan, the main building of the school, additional buildings, reservoirs, green plants and shrubs are designated by a serial number.
Design elements
The trees of the school site should be placed so that you can move freely between them. To do this, it is important to equip the paths in the school area. They will not only give originality and individuality to the created design, but will also serve several functional purposes.
To decorate them, you can use sever altypes of coatings: stone, tile, concrete, wood, grass. Laying material can be carried out on sand, cement mortar.
It is most convenient to use concrete slabs on the school site. Manufacturers offer them in the form of hexagons, waves, bricks. In one part of the site, grassy paths can also be distinguished, on the basis of which a biology teacher, together with his pupils, will be able to conduct ecological excursions for schoolchildren.
The paths and paths created on the school grounds have several purposes. They not only divide the entire plot into separate zones, but also act as a separate element of the aesthetic and artistic solution of the garden.
School areas, photos of which are given below, fit into the overall concept of the educational institution.
Flower gardens
Flowerbed can be made rectangular, round, square, oval. Along its edge, a small strip of a border or lawn for low plants is allowed. In order to choose the right plants for the landscape design of the school site, it is important to consider the following parameters:
- harmonious color combination;
- height and growth specifics;
- correct seating in the flower bed;
- avoiding complex pattern.
The border chosen for the decoration of the flower beds should differ in color from the base tone of the flower arrangement being created.
Border plants should be low growing, flowing dense bush,resistant to adverse weather conditions. Among such plants, optimally suited for the site, we note undersized marigolds, pansies, daisies. Work on the school site should be interesting and informative for children from a biological point of view. That is why you can create modular flower beds near the school, which will not only delight others with their original flowering, but also become a visual aid in botany for schoolchildren.
When organizing a modular flower garden in one area, it is assumed that a certain figure will be repeated multiple times in a given form. The flower garden area is divided into a modular grid, it is based on, for example, a rectangle. Flowers are planted in the prepared figures, then gravel and pebbles are laid.
Lawn
Each school lot has a certain look. In order to separate some elements, you can use a grassy lawn. It means a plot of soil that is sown with a dense layer of cereals. In order for the lawn to have a neat appearance, it is necessary to mow it regularly. Among the mandatory work related to lawn care, note:
- regular haircut (about 20-30 times during the season);
- regularity of watering;
- trimming edges;
- applying mineral fertilizers in spring and autumn;
- weed removal;
- piercing;
- sweeping;
- combing with a special rake.
Arrangement of rock garden
This is one of the oldest types of European stonygarden, which has retained certain features of rocky compositions. The classic version of the rock garden is a symmetrical structure, reminiscent of a "celebration cake". The upper part of the rock garden has a large conical block, which is associated with the top of the mountain, and along the slopes it can be balanced with flat massive stones. Such a structure is quite appropriate in the school area, it can be overlaid with paths or curbs made of flat stones.
Nature is a unique natural system, all elements of which are interconnected. Man is also part of wildlife. That is why it is so important to involve students in the improvement of the territory around the educational institution.
Children's school garden project
The students decided to make a small contribution to the restoration of natural balance. A project was created that made it possible to transform the school site for the better.
Goal of the work: ecological and aesthetic change of the school territory.
Project Objectives:
- decorative transformation of the area around the educational institution;
- creating optimal conditions for the work of the summer camp, the rest of the children after school hours;
- activation of cognitive interest in biology;
- formation in the younger generation of the need to improve and preserve nature.
Among the expected results of the implementation of this project, we note:
- creation of a landscaped area;
- satisfaction with the ecological and aesthetic condition of the territory;
- learning practical skills in caring for flowers and shrubs.
The project is a group, long-term, practice-oriented event. Within its framework, the guys analyze the possibility of using the soil on the site for organizing flower beds, trying to create a real alpine hill near the school.
This project does not involve serious economic costs. Small expenses are needed for the purchase of flower seeds, the cultivation of seedlings is done by schoolchildren themselves under the guidance of a biology teacher.
In the autumn, a survey of schoolchildren is conducted, the purpose of which is to obtain information about the readiness of the children to take an active part in the improvement of the school territory. Further, together with the technology teacher, the students draw up a master plan, think over all the green spaces, small architectural forms that will be located on the territory to be decorated. First, schoolchildren create sketches of flower beds and an alpine slide, make adjustments based on the recommendations of specialists.
In order to take proper care of planted flowers and shrubs, project team members study landscape design literature.
In technology lessons, the boys are preparing boxes for growing seedlings, the girls are sowing annual flower crops.
In the spring the project enters the main stage. According to the plan, flower beds are organized on the school territory, a mixture of soil and peat is laid in them. planted careflowers are carried out by a team of high school students, led by a biology teacher.
In autumn, the results of the implemented project are summed up, a presentation is made. The authors of the project present the results of their activities within the framework of research conferences.
Final information
Landscape design of school grounds is a complex and responsible undertaking. Such an event involves serious preliminary work, consisting of several successive stages. Involving children in beautifying the area around their home school is an excellent option for educating patriotism in the younger generation. In addition to obtaining a significant amount of theoretical skills, the guys acquire new social experience. They raise their environmental awareness.
As part of the project, practical skills are being developed to study, assess, and improve the environment near the school. Adolescents develop independence, they change their attitude to environmental problems. After the introduction of new educational standards in educational institutions of the Russian Federation, project activities have become one of the priority areas of activity at all levels of education. Children can become active participants in the implementation of their project aimed at improving the school grounds.
