The success of mastering new material by schoolchildren largely depends on how interesting and unobtrusive it is presented. Often a variety of non-standard forms of lessons come to the aid of the teacher. This is especially true for elementary school students, who have a great desire for something new, unusual. Numerous studies show a steady mastery of knowledge and skills, if they were acquired in a non-standard form, when the child was really interested in gaining knowledge. Recently, teachers have resorted to such classes quite often, and non-standard forms of conducting lessons have become so diverse that you can easily choose the right one for any subject.
What is a lesson
Before talking about non-standard lessons, I would like to mention what a lesson is in general, what goals it pursues.
A lesson is the basic unit of the school educational process. It is during these 45 minutes that the teacher needs to give the children knowledge on a specific topic, develop certain skills and abilities. Each specific lesson should have its own goal, which is realized through a number of tasks: teaching, developing andeducators.
Ultimately, at the exit from the classroom, the child must understand a specific topic, be able to navigate concepts and be able to solve practical problems.
Basic shapes
The classical methodology distinguishes the following types and forms of lessons:
- Message of new material. The structure of the lesson is as follows: actualization (organizational moment) it attracts the attention of children, resolves issues regarding the absent, those on duty; communication of the topic of the lesson and the goals that need to be achieved on it; the main part is working on new material; consolidation of the past; summarizing the lesson. Also in such lessons there is a stage of checking homework, but it can be included by the teacher in any place, depending on the concept of the lesson.
- Practical lessons. These classes are similar in structure to those described above, however, at the main stage, special attention is paid to the practical skills of the students themselves (working out the rules, solving problems, examples, working with maps, laboratory work).
- Systematization and consolidation of the past. Such lessons are usually held before control and credit classes. Here, practical tasks alternate with the repetition of the learned rules and postulates, according to which knowledge control is to be carried out.
- Lesson to control knowledge and skills. The main purpose of this lesson is to check how well the children have learned the material. Can be carried out in various forms: control work, test, diagnostic work (complex), test-lesson.
- Combinedlesson. In such a lesson, for example, there can be, for example, both a message of a new one and its practical development. Systematization and control are also combined.
Non-standard lessons and modern children
Currently, there is an acute problem with the fact that modern schoolchildren, especially primary school students, are completely different from their predecessors, and what was acceptable in Soviet times does not always lead to the desired result. The guys now have a special inquisitiveness, they are more mobile, and the system is no longer the same.
In addition, children have become more active. This also applies to their psyche. If a student of the Soviet era could calmly sit at a desk for 45 minutes in a row, then the modern one requires a constant change in activities, some kind of novelty. The reason for everything is the information society, because the amount of knowledge has increased many times, and they need to be put into the same 45 minutes as before. So teachers come up with such interesting forms of lessons so that the children are not bored, so that they can absorb the huge amount of knowledge that modern Federal State Educational Standards offer them. (FGOS - Federal State Educational Standard).
What is a non-standard lesson
What is a non-standard lesson? All of us, having studied at school, can clearly answer that any lesson at the main stage goes as follows: checking homework, telling the teacher any new information on a specific topic, consolidating the material. These structural elements can be interchanged, however,it is from them that the usual school lesson always consists. Non-standard forms of lessons suggest using an excellent, creative structure instead of the generally accepted "canon". Indeed, why not do the following: do not tell them new material, but ask the children themselves to get to the bottom of the truth? Or not to tell "on the fingers" about the life of medieval castles, but to conduct a virtual tour there.
And such types and forms of lessons can be invented endlessly, limited only by the teacher's imagination.
The goals of the lessons in non-standard form are the same as in the classical ones, so you can diversify any lesson in this way. When studying new material, lessons-excursions, travel, video lessons will be appropriate. Integrated classes help to learn the topics well. The same forms are suitable for practical exercises.
When a teacher needs to bring the knowledge of children into a certain system, prepare them for the test, it is necessary to choose all kinds of games, contests, disputes, trials of characters or historical figures.
Even boring and exciting tests can be done in an unconventional way. Firstly, the preparation of a project on the subject and its subsequent defense will come to the rescue. These can be lessons with elements of theatrical performances, riddle lessons, fantasies.
Combined classes - a special flight for the creativity of the teacher. Any form applies to them. The main thing is to think over and choose the most optimal for a particular topic.
Advantages of custom shapes
Non-standard lesson forms have a number ofadvantages over the classical ones. Firstly, they create a steady interest of children in the material being studied. The information that the children received not just from the lips of the teacher, but, for example, in their own search or from the lips of their own classmates, will surely be remembered better, will be more understandable.
Secondly, as a rule, such activities encourage students to be creative, develop imagination, creativity, imaginative thinking.
Third, lessons other than traditional ones allow the use of a large number of technical means and visual materials.
Teachers, as a rule, choose the forms of open lessons from the category of non-traditional ones - they allow them to show their creative approach to the profession, to demonstrate mastery of various pedagogical technologies. Such classes always look advantageous.
It should be noted that the excessive use of such forms can cause a backlash: children will quickly get tired of it. Therefore, such elements should be introduced into the educational process in a dosed manner. It can be just some stages of a traditional lesson, for example, a game when checking homework or a debate when learning new material.
Lessons in the form of a game
If we talk about non-standard forms of lessons in primary school, here the leading positions are occupied by games. It is no secret that this type of activity, including cognitive, is the leading one in a child.
Another advantage of lessons in a playful way is the ability to apply for any school discipline, inany age. If for younger students it can be games-travels around stations, competitions, KVNs, then for older students they can be transformed into activities such as "Brain Ring", a business game and others.
If you choose unusual forms of physical education lessons, then all kinds of games will also come to the rescue: competitions, "Funny Starts"; you can even arrange a kind of olympiad not only at the level of any class, but the entire school. To bring sports into the family, many teachers arrange joint games with parents.
Game forms of lessons can be divided into several types: retrospective (returning to the past - role-playing and non-role-playing), business (students in practice study this or that phenomenon of reality, most often social or economic), competitions (have a competitive basis, can be both command and not). Today these are the most common forms for attracting sustained interest in a subject. Business games are used in the middle and senior level, retrospective games, competitions, holidays have no special age restrictions.
Lessons - social practices
Children tend to copy adults. This applies not only to the manner of their behavior, but also to all kinds of life situations. Therefore, such forms of conducting lessons that allow you to feel like adults will be very interesting.
For example, disputes. These are the most successful forms of lessons in history or other social disciplines. Such classes encourage students to prove their point of view, to conduct a dialogue on a specific topic. Preparing forSuch an event requires considerable preparation. It is not enough to ask the guys to talk on any topic, it is necessary to study it in detail from different angles. The preparatory stage here is very important. After the event, it is also important to review it with the whole class. This form of conducting a lesson is beginning to be used in the middle link.
Systematicity will lead to the fact that children will learn to prove their point of view, put forward abstracts, communicate on a given topic, give arguments - all this will help in the final exams when writing assignments for part C in the humanities.
Choosing the forms of literature lessons, you can pay attention to the trial of any character. It will be something like a discussion, but the point of view of the children will have already been formulated, it will need to be proved using a good knowledge of the text.
Lessons with a public form of communication
Such lessons are close to those listed above, where children learn not just to discuss, but to express themselves eloquently on the material of the subject being studied.
For example, the forms of history lessons, such as a press conference, a report or a briefing, will not only show the children's knowledge of the subject, but also show their ability to use certain terms, dates, and pose specific, relevant questions. You can ask the guys to interview some historical figure, you can touch on a specific event.
This also includes such forms of art lessons as an excursion or a public lecture. You can ask the guys themselves to beguides, having prepared in advance a message about any picture, its genre and style of execution.
Creative Lessons
The guys especially love the lessons where you need to show creativity. Of course, these can be ordinary classes in fine arts or the Moscow Art Theater, however, if we consider the forms of lessons from the outside world, we can single out such a type of work as the creation of the Forest Newspaper. One group of children should be offered to prepare a story about a plant or animal, others - to systematize them and arrange them in the form of an artistic wall newspaper.
To convey to students the need to preserve natural resources will help a similar type of work - compiling the Red Book of your area.
Many forms of reading lessons are also based on creativity. In addition to art workshops, where children illustrate a particular work, you can conduct a lesson with a literary focus. Where, for example, the guys compose their stories, or compose fairy tales or fables.
Fantasy Lessons
Fantasy lessons are also based on the creative component. They differ in that in such events there is not only the compilation of some phenomenon (fairy tale, ecological history, concert), but also its full embodiment: costumed or artistically designed: on paper or as a performance.
Such forms of lessons at school allow children not only to show their imagination, but also bring the children's team very close, because the guys work on tasks together: as a whole class or in groups.
Let's bringa few examples of fantasy lessons on various subjects of the school cycle. For example, a lesson on Russian folk tales motivates children to be creative. A special attribute of the lesson, the “magic” mirror, helps to immerse them in this atmosphere. In the main part of the lesson, there is a quiz, the tasks of which are aimed at the manifestation of the students' imagination, for example, in a short time, depict a fairy-tale character or make a proverb.
Another lesson, this time in fine arts, timed to coincide with Cosmonautics Day, called "Planet of Friends". During the lesson, designed as a journey to a distant planet, the guys portray its inhabitant - an alien.
Classes focused on the imagination of children are good in the middle link. For example, when studying the stories of N. Nosov from the series "Dreamers" at the stage of consolidation, you can conduct a lesson-dramatization of especially beloved works.
Project method
Special forms of lessons, which are used by an increasing number of teachers, are based on the method of projects. Such classes are good because they encourage students to practice, teach them to apply the knowledge gained in practice.
These lessons are aimed at revealing the personality of each child who feels his personal responsibility to other members of the team. As a rule, the class is divided into several working groups, each of which is given a specific task. It can be any kind of activity from finding an answer to a specific question to drawing up graphs, charts, memos, and so on. In the course of work, children learn any new facts, systematize them, choosethe main thing and make out. In other words, these forms of lessons teach learning.
Work on the project lasts, as a rule, the entire academic year. According to the latest educational standards, a certain number of hours are allocated for this type of work in the general school schedule. The lessons of project activities involve learning the basics of systematization, goal setting, for them the teacher corrects, prompts, directs. They do not look like standard classes, if only because the role of the teacher is minimized here - the children organize the work themselves, set priorities.
Children need not only to draw up a specific project, but also to defend it in front of the teacher and the rest of the class, and maybe even the students of the school (recently, the practice of such scientific and practical conferences in educational institutions is extremely common).
Integrated lessons
Especially attractive for students are integrated lessons - those where two or more subjects of the school cycle are connected. They allow you to form a sustainable interest, show that the disciplines are interconnected, encourage the search for knowledge.
The forms of integrated lessons are very diverse from the traditional presentation of new material and further practical activities to travel, quizzes, KVN and competitions.
You can integrate a variety of school subjects. Here are some examples:
- Literature (reading) and history. For elementary school, such lessons are relevant when studying works about the war. Much more spaceopens in the middle link - then such lessons are especially justified. The fact is that the school course of history lags behind the course of literature, so often the language teacher has to tell children about a particular period. Why not unite the goals of teachers? There are a lot of examples of such lessons: "The Captain's Daughter" by Pushkin, the Cossacks in "Taras Bulba" by Gogol, "Borodino" by Lermontov, for high school - Blok's poem "The Twelve". When studying "War and Peace", you can conduct an integrated lesson in the form of a concert dedicated to the reflection of this historical event in various works, literary, artistic, musical.
- Mathematics and Russian language. It is very good to conduct such an integrated event when studying the topic “Numerals”. The form can be a journey through the stations, where each student will be offered a task on the topic of the Russian language or mathematics.
- The environment and art. The study of the theme "Seasons" can be combined with the image of landscapes in drawing. The same goals can be achieved by integrating the environment and technology (labor).
- A classic example of integration is physical education and life safety. In this case, you can build a specific life situation, for example, being in the forest. It can be a game lesson or a practice lesson.
- Foreign language and geography. As an example - a lesson-journey through the country of the language being studied. The foreign language also integrates well with literature, history, Russian.
- Computer science and mathematics. Here is a selection of topicsvery diverse: from the basics of logic to solving simple equations. In general, computer science can be integrated with absolutely any subject of the school course, because making presentations, tables, graphs, making reports is required when studying each discipline.
Video Tutorials
Progress does not stand still, it penetrates into all aspects of our life, including school life. It is not surprising that more and more teachers are turning to such a form of organizing the educational process as a video lesson.
At such an event, students get a recording or an online speech by a teacher on a topic. As a rule, students perceive such lessons well: it is modern, new, interesting.
However, it is worth understanding that it is difficult for children from the junior and middle level to look at the interactive whiteboard or the screen where the broadcast is taking place. It would be more appropriate to include video lessons in the main lesson: this will attract the attention of the children and help them better understand the topic.
Currently, there are a large number of educational and educational videos, so it will not be difficult to find them for any subject.
Let's consider when video tutorials are most appropriate.
- Foreign language. Watching excerpts from films and cartoons in the language being studied is very useful. The guys will hear the speech of native speakers, learn to perceive it by ear.
- Literature (reading). The use of fragments of the staging of the studied works on stage or in the cinema. This method is good in performance lessons: the children will be able to compare performances, understand the vision of the work by different people.
- Studyletters, numbers in elementary school. There are a lot of educational videos on these topics.
- Preparation for the GIA and the Unified State Examination in all subjects. Short video courses will help to succinctly convey to the children the necessary information for each exam task.
