In linguistics, there are several main sections. Each of them is engaged in the study of a particular range of linguistic concepts and phenomena. Today we will consider what sections of the science of the Russian language are studied in the school course.
Phonetics
Let's start with the main section of linguistics - phonetics. This science studies the sounds of speech and the features of their functioning. In phonetics, the alternation of sounds is considered depending on the stress, position in one or another part of the word. The strong and weak positions of sounds are also considered.
Separately, such a thing as a syllable is studied, and the division of a word into syllables according to the rules of the Russian language. Refers to phonetics and intonation, stress.
Spelling
The second important section of the science of language is spelling. He studies the spelling of words and their significant parts. Spelling teaches us rules and spellings, and learns to recognize when rules need to be used to determine which letter to write in a given word.
Vocabulary and phraseology
Vocabulary and phraseology is the most interesting section of the science of language that studies the lexical richness of Russian speech, as well as phraseological units functioning in it. Speaking about vocabulary, it is worth noting that it studies such concepts as synonyms and homonyms, paronyms and antonyms, it studies the origin of words and their functioning, highlights the active and passive vocabulary of the Russian language.
Phraseology is the study of phraseological units, their meaning and origin.
Quite closely related to vocabulary and phraseology, lexicography is the science of dictionaries.
Derivation
Another section of the science of language is word formation. It studies the composition of words. So, each word has a root that carries a lexical meaning. In addition to the root, the word can have an ending, a suffix or a prefix. In addition, the stem of the word is distinguished.
Derivation studies not only parts of words, but also how certain words were formed, which suffixes form verbs, and which form adjectives.
Knowing the basics of word formation, a person learns spelling more easily, since these two sections are very closely related.
Morphology
Morphology is a fairly large section of the science of language. Engaged in the study of parts of speech and their functioning in speech. In the course of training, schoolchildren study the main and auxiliary parts of speech, the rules for their spelling, get acquainted with how the parts of speech are inclined,how to determine the gender or case of a noun or adjective that refers to it.
Morphology is also quite closely related to orthography, since it is necessary not only to know how a word is formed, but also how it changes. After all, some sounds, and therefore letters, when written, depend on the case in which the word is.
Syntax and punctuation
The most difficult part of the science of language is syntax and punctuation. It begins to be studied already in the 8th and 9th grades. The very first thing that schoolchildren get acquainted with is the concept of phrases and types, relationships between words. Then they move on to the study of main and secondary sentences, learning to find them and highlight them graphically.
After this, the study of a simple sentence, both two-part and one-part, begins. Their classification and functioning in speech are studied. Already in the 9th grade, acquaintance with complex sentences, types of connections between them, classifications begins.
In the course of studying sentences, one also gets acquainted with the punctuation of the Russian language, which is closely related to syntax. The rules for placing commas, dashes and colons, semicolons are studied. A brief historical background on the history of the appearance of signs is given.
Style
Studying sections of the science of language, students now and then encounter such a section of linguistics as stylistics. It is engaged in the study of speech styles, their main features and features of functioning. There are several main styles: artistic,scientific, journalistic, confessional, colloquial, epistolary.
During the training, students learn to highlight the features of each of the styles and determine which of them this or that text belongs to.
Culture of speech
Well, the last section worth mentioning is the culture of speech. She studies the written and oral norms of the Russian language. Often the rules from this section are studied in the course of consideration of other sections of linguistics. The culture of speech is quite closely connected with stylistics, orthoepy and orthography.
Conclusions
We found out which sections of the science of language are studied in the school course. Among them are phonetics and spelling, vocabulary and phraseology, word formation and morphology, syntax and punctuation, as well as style and culture of speech. Almost all of them are closely related, knowledge of one section contributes to the assimilation of the rules from another, adjacent one.
