After the October Revolution, the Soviet government was faced with the task of creating various state institutions. Industry and all enterprises were nationalized. A governing body was needed that would control and manage all the property of the new state. Deciphering the Supreme Economic Council - the Supreme Council of the National Economy.
Creation of the Supreme Economic Council
The history of the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the USSR begins in 1923. The creation of this body was determined by the Treaty on the formation of the Soviet Union. The first chairman of the Supreme Economic Council is the Russian revolutionary A. Rykov.
In the years of the initial stage of the Soviet Union, the Supreme Council of the National Economy was the first major central body that regulated and managed the main economic sectors.
Functions and rights of the council
The main function of the Supreme Council of National Economy was the organization of the national economy and state finances. During the years of war communism, the powers of the Supreme Economic Council were as wide as possible. In fact, the Council of the National Economy has become the economic force of the dictatorship of the proletariat.
In the initial Stalinist period, the council's task was to develop a planned economy and centralize it. Also thanks to him, the peopleeconomy has strengthened the sectoral nature of industrial management.
A special function of the VSNKh is the participation of the body in the activities of scientific and technical institutions. In the USSR, various educational and technical institutions were engaged in industrial maintenance of the state.
The Supreme Council of the National Economy had the right to confiscate and the right to forcibly unite various industries into syndicates.
Structure of the Supreme Economic Council
The Supreme Council of the National Economy had a rather extensive organizational structure. The main organs were:
- Chairman of the Council.
- Sector committees and departments for various types of industrial production.
- Science and Technology Units.
- The main apparatus (included inspection, accounting, secretariat).
It should also be noted that branches of the Supreme Council of National Economy existed in all the union republics of the country. The local economic councils were given industry of local as well as republican significance.
Daily the council issued a "Commercial and Industrial Newspaper", which gave out information about the industrial and agricultural achievements of the Soviet Union under construction.
All industry under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Economic Council was divided:
- to the all-union;
- Republican;
- local
Activities of the Supreme Council of the National Economy
In early 1918, the council paid wages to workers and also financed a developingindustry. It was at this time that the local Economic Councils were formed. The Supreme Council of National Economy is a vigorous activity with a total nationalization of all types of industry: from large to small.
From 1921 to 1928, the New Economic Policy (NEP) was implemented on the territory of the Soviet Union. During this period, the Supreme Economic Council carried out industrial management on the principles of cost accounting. Since individual property was allowed during the NEP period, the state financial resources, which were invested in various private joint-stock companies, were under the control of the council.
Since 1928, the situation in the country begins to change, the NEP is curtailed, and the Supreme Council of the National Economy is gradually losing its powers. The beginning of the process of Stalinist industrialization marked a structural adjustment. Now all the activities of the body were centralized, trying to concentrate all resources in the hands of the state.
In the final stage of its existence, the VSNKh is a body that directed all its efforts towards forced industrialization, which began to be carried out in the 30s. 1932 is the date of the abolition of the council as an independent body. It is generally accepted that the Council of the National Economy was transformed into the USSR Commissariat, which was engaged in heavy industry.
The Council of the National Economy was disbanded due to poor management of the nationalized and built enterprises.
In 1963, an attempt was made to revive the Supreme Economic Council, but the body lasted only 2 years. The problem of the existence of the SupremeCouncil of the National Economy was the confrontation between the existing system, built on the basis of territorial administration, and the general trend towards sectoral industrial development.
Electrification of the country
The main achievement of the council in the initial period was the formation of a commission for the electrification of the Soviet state. The GOERLO plan became a promising and at the same time complex project, which was carried out in the context of the Civil War in the country. However, the goal was achieved, and already in 1926 most of the country was electrified. If at the beginning of the construction of the electrical infrastructure there were about 10 power plants, then by 1935 there were about 100. According to this project, it was supposed to both electrify the life of ordinary citizens and mechanize large production processes.
