Scientists have not yet agreed on what comes first: skills are formed on the basis of skills or, on the contrary, skills are based on skills. While theoretical scientists are arguing, we will try to learn how skill differs from skill in practice. And for those involved in raising children, training specialists in any field of activity, it is important to know how to quickly and correctly form their life and work skills and abilities.
Skills are…
The phrase "skillful worker" is pronounced respectfully in relation to the one who quickly and correctly performs his work, shows ingenuity, solving the production problems that have arisen. Such an employee is prepared theoretically and practically to perform certain actions and has a creative attitude to work.
What is the difference between skill and skill? Skill Requires:
- a conscious attitude to planning your actions to achieve a result;
- knowledge about the properties, qualities of the object of labor and methods of working with it;
- skillswork with the tool, auxiliary materials.
That is, a skill is a way of performing some action, which is based both on firmly formed skills and on specific knowledge about the object of work, about its properties, about possible ways of working with it. Skills are the basis for the formation of skills.
What are skills
Then what is the difference between a skill and a skill, which is more durable?
A skill is a way of doing something that has been brought to automaticity. Skill and skill differ from each other in that the second one is stereotypical, does not require special theoretical training, creativity.
The algorithm for performing a specific operation does not change, mental and physical actions are coordinated and do not require additional thinking, preliminary planning.
For example, when teaching a child to do independent actions with a spoon, a mother fixes his attention on the sequence and rules of actions with it (in which hand and how to hold it, how to scoop up food correctly, bring it to the mouth). As the skill of instructions develops, the child learns the actions and automatically begins to perform them correctly in any situation.
Motor skill and skill differ from each other in the degree of their understanding and controllability by a person. Skill also implies its creative development and improvement.
Types of skills and abilities
Determining the type of skill is associated with human activity. Of the four types of skills (sensory, motor,intellectual, communicative) the communicative ones undergo the greatest and most frequent changes, since the rules of social life are rapidly changing by the people themselves in accordance with the socio-historical changes in the country and in the world.
Mixed skills combine several types: working on a computer requires a combination of intellectual skills (reading and writing text), motor skills (typing). General educational programs stand out in particular.
First, they are developed in the process of teaching a subject, but then they are used in many areas of activity. In everyday life, for example, we freely use the computational actions formed in mathematics lessons.
A number of skills are used in narrow areas of activity (specialized skills): in medicine, in scientific work.
Skills can be:
- simple physical, that is, such simple human actions as dressing, cleaning the house;
- complex, connected, for example, with interaction with other people to achieve some goals - the ability to promote, write articles;
- systemic - the ability to distinguish moods, psychological states of people, respond to them, feel their own physical and mental states.
The list of skills and abilities necessary for a modern person is extensive. It differs from those that were needed, for example, by Pushkin's contemporaries.
Why form them
Careful analysis of any activityshows that it is the sum of different types of skills and abilities - the absence of one of them does not allow a person to get the desired result. This entails a deterioration in the quality of life, mental discomfort.
Unformed motor skills deprive a person of freedom of movement and action, communication, causes an excessive expenditure of effort, time and material resources.
Mental activity is impossible without observation and memorization of information, comparison, analysis, without control of one's own attention, state. It is closely related to the development of sensory skills for perceiving information by ear, visually, and tactilely. Smell sensitivity is essential for the chemist, cook, doctor and many other professionals.
Communication skills are considered especially important and are formed on the basis of knowledge of the rules of behavior in various situations, allowing a person to take a worthy place in society, to become its full member.
How skills and abilities are formed
Any field of activity requires specific algorithms of actions from a person: what is the difference between a skill and a dancer's ability to move correctly in accordance with the dance pattern and the sound of the music, without thinking about the movements. The driver has the ability to respond correctly to traffic conditions and driving a particular type of car; from the teacher - the skills of working with literature, with a team of children of a certain age, with parents, the ability to correctly navigate in unforeseen communicative situations.
Skill formation should be carried out on the basis of repeated retention in memorysequence and method of action, bringing the action itself to automatism.
That is, the exercise is a method of forming a skill that guarantees the quality of the performed action (work) and leads to the formation of the ability to recognize the goal and choose the desired sequence of necessary actions to achieve it.
An important issue is taking into account the individual abilities of the student. The quality and speed of the mental and motor functions of the individual affect the timing and quality of the formation of skills and abilities.
Thus, the methods and techniques of teaching a person a conscious attitude to the labor process, preliminary planning, considering options for proposed actions and anticipating their final results underlie the formation of his skills and abilities.
