Complex sentences are units of syntax, a branch of the science of language that studies phrases and sentences. These are not the smallest units. They consist of simple sentences combined into one grammatical and intonational whole.
Simple syntactic units that make up complex sentences have their own grammatical foundations, but they do not have intonational and semantic completeness, differing from simple sentences that exist independently. Only the entire composition of simple sentences expressing a complex thought has completeness.
Simple Sentence Example: It was a normal spring morning.
An example of a complex sentence: The first bird voices rang outside the window, the room brightened, a normal spring morning began.
Means of communication between simple constructions included in complex sentences are unions, the so-called allied words, and intonation, which is expressed in writing by punctuation marks. Relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs act as allied words. Often sentences stick together onlythanks to intonation.
As for the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into non-union and allied constructions.
The group of allied sentences, in turn, is divided into complex and compound sentences. There are also complex sentences with different types of connection.
Example of non-union complex sentence: I will never cheat, it is very unpleasant to feel like a deceiver, it will upset the delicate balance of my life.
An example of a compound compound sentence: The tourists walked quickly, and only two kilometers remained to the campground.
An example of a complex sentence: The forester warned that if the weather does not improve, then there is nothing to dream of hunting.
In a compound sentence, simple constructions are separated by commas. Commas are not placed before connecting and separating conjunctions if the simple parts they connect refer to a common minor member or a common subordinate clause.
Example: Distant mountains shine from the window and a river is visible.
If one of the sentences contains a contrast or a sharp attachment, then a dash is put instead of a comma.
Example: He raises his hand - and several people press dozens of buttons, voting for absent deputies.
If in complex sentences all parts are equal, then in complex sentences there is a main part and secondary ones. The main part contains the main idea, the main statement,and minor parts, expressed in simple sentences, answer the questions of minor members by analogy with the structure of a simple sentence.
By the nature of the connection, complex sentences are divided into those that are directly connected to the main sentence and those that are connected to each other by a serial connection, and only one of them is connected to the main one.
Example: She told me about her vacation in the summer and where she plans to go in the winter.
The predicate told includes both subordinate clauses
Example: I suddenly saw someone coming out of a house next door that I was told hadn't had a light on in years.
With the main clause "I suddenly saw" only the subordinate clause "that someone is coming out of the house next door" is connected. The remaining accessory parts are connected in series.
English also uses complex constructions. If parts of a complex syntactic construction, consisting of simple constructions, are equivalent and each has grammatical centers represented by a subject and a predicate, then these are analogues of Russian compound sentences.
Example: We have bought a modern house, but we are not satisfied to them. We bought a modern house, but we are not happy with it.
Simple parts in a complex whole are often connected by unions, as in a Russian sentence. In this example, this is the union but - an analogue of the Russian adversative union but.
Complex sentences in English are also complex, they have secondary simplesyntactic constructions are subject to the main part.
What he told me yesterday turned out to be the pure truth. What he told me yesterday turned out to be true.
