In this article we will look at what complex sentences with different types of connection are, examples of which will be given and analyzed. But to make it clear, let's start from afar.
What is called a complex sentence
In syntax, a sentence is words that have a common meaning and are connected with the help of grammar laws, having a common theme, purpose of expression and intonation. With the help of sentences, people communicate, share their thoughts, present any material. Thought can be expressed briefly, but it can be expanded. Accordingly, sentences can be concise or widespread.
Each sentence has its "heart" - the grammatical basis, i.e. subject and predicate. This is the subject of speech and its main characteristic (what does it do, what is it, what is it?). If the grammatical basis in the sentence is one, it is a simple sentence, if there are two or more of them, then it is complex.
Complex sentences (SP) can include two parts, three, four and even more. Relations in meaning between them, as well as the means of their connection with each other, can be different. There are complex allied proposals and non-union ones. To learn about their diversity, read the next section.
What are JVs
We have already begun to talk about the fact that joint ventures can be allied or non-union. Everything is very simple. If the parts of the joint venture are connected by a union (or an allied word) and intonation, then the connection between them is called allied, and if only by intonation, then, accordingly, unionless.
In turn, allied sentences are divided into coordinating and subordinating - depending on whether their parts are in an "equal" position or one depends on the other.
Spring is coming soon. This is a simple suggestion. When spring comes, the world will sparkle with bright colors again. This sentence is complex, while its parts are connected by intonation and the union "when". We can ask a question from the main predicative part to the subordinate clause (the world will sparkle with bright colors when? - when spring comes), so this sentence is complex. Spring will come soon and nature will blossom. This sentence also has two parts, but they are united by intonation and the coordinating union and. You cannot form a question between parts, but you can easily divide this sentence into two simple ones. This sentence is a compound one. Spring will come soon, flowers will bloom, birds will fly, it will become warm. This joint venture contains four simple parts, but they are all united only by intonation,there are no unions on the borders of the parts. This means that this is an asyndetic complex sentence (BSP). To make complex sentences with different types of connection, it would be necessary to combine both allied and non-union relations in one sentence.
How many simple sentences can there be in a complex one?
For a sentence to be considered complex, it must include at least two simple, two predicative parts. Complex sentences with different types of connection (we will see examples below) contain at least three parts, and sometimes there are about ten. But in this case, the proposal can be difficult to perceive. Such sentences combine allied and non-union communication, coordinating and subordinating in any combination.
He was surprised; a strange feeling filled his head and chest; the water ran with frightening speed, indomitably breaking through between the stones, and fell from a height with such force that it seemed that the mountain, along the slopes of which were full of mountain flowers, could not withstand this pressure …
Here's a great example. Here are parts of complex sentences with different types of connection. There are 5 predicative parts in this sentence, between which all possible types of connection are presented. What are their features? Let's remember in more detail.
Allied coordinating link
Complex allied sentences are compound (CSP) or complex (CSP).
Compositional connection (CC) connects "equal" simple sentences. This means that it is impossible to form a question from onepredicative part of a complex sentence to another, there is no relationship between them. Parts of the SSP can easily be made independent sentences, and the meaning of the phrase will not suffer from this and will not change.
Coordinating unions and, but, or, etc. are used to connect parts of such sentences. The sea was rough, and the waves crashed against the rocks with furious force.
Allied subordination
With a subordinating relationship (PS), as its name implies, one part of the sentence "subordinates" the other, carries the main meaning, is the main one, while the second (subordinate) only complements, specifies in something, to it you can ask a question from the main part. For a subordinating connection, such unions and allied words are used as what, who, when, which, because, if, etc.
But it is sad to think that youth was given to us in vain, that they cheated on her all the time, that she deceived us … (A. Pushkin). This sentence has one main part and three subordinate clauses, dependent on it and answering the same questions: "But it's sad to think (about what?), Which is in vain …"
If you try to divide NGN into separate simple ones, then in most cases it will be seen that the main part retains its meaning and can exist without clauses, but the clauses become incomplete in semantic content and are not complete sentences.
Unionless connection
Another type of JV isunionless. A complex sentence with different types of connection most often combines a connection without unions with one of the allied types or with both types at once.
Parts of the BSP are connected only by intonation. But this type of joint venture is considered the most difficult in terms of punctuation. If in union sentences only one sign is placed between their parts - a comma, then in this case you need to make a choice of one of four punctuation marks: a comma, a semicolon, a dash or a colon. In this article, we will not go into the details of this difficult rule, since our task today is complex sentences with different types of communication, exercises in their grammatically correct compilation and punctuation.
The horses set off, the bell rang, the wagon flew away (A. S. Pushkin). This sentence has three parts connected by intonation and separated by commas.
So, we briefly gave a description of each of the possible types of connection between the parts of the joint venture, and now we will return to the main topic of the article.
Algorithm for parsing joint ventures with different types of communication
How to correctly place signs in a joint venture with many parts and different types of connections? The most important thing is to determine how many parts it has and where exactly their boundaries pass. To do this, you need to find the grammatical foundations. How many of them - so many predicative parts. Next, we highlight all the minor members related to each of the bases, and thus it becomes clear where one part ends and another begins. After that, you need to determine what types of connections between the parts (look for the presence of unions or their absence, try to setquestion or try making each part a separate sentence).
And finally, it remains only to correctly punctuate, because without them it is very difficult to perceive complex sentences with different types of communication in writing (textbook exercises are just aimed at developing this skill).
How not to make a mistake in choosing punctuation marks?
Punctuation of a complex sentence with different types of connection
Once the predicative parts are highlighted and the types of connection established, everything becomes very clear. We place punctuation marks in accordance with the rule relating to a particular type of communication.
The coordinating (CC) and subordinating relationship (PS) require a comma before the union. Other punctuation marks are very rare in this case (with a coordinative connection, a semicolon is possible if one of the parts is complicated and contains commas; a dash is possible if the parts are sharply contrasted or one of them contains an unexpected result).
With an allied connection, as mentioned above, there can be one of four punctuation marks, depending on what semantic relationships are between the parts of the sentence.
Drafting schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication
This step can be done before punctuation, or after to check if it's correct. Schemes are used in punctuation to graphically explain the choice of a particular punctuation mark.
Scheme helps to write complex sentences with different types of connection without punctuation errors. Examples of punctuation and charting will be given right now.
[The day was beautiful, sunny, surprisingly calm]; [a cozy shadow approached from the left], and [it became difficult to understand], (where it ends, the shadow) and (where the emerald foliage of trees begins).
In this sentence, between the first and second parts, an allied connection is easily traced, between the second and third - a coordinating one, and the third part is the main one in relation to the next two subordinate parts and is connected with them by a subordinating connection. The scheme of this joint venture is: [_=,=,=]; [=_], and [=], (where=_) and (where=_). Schemes of complex sentences with different types of communication can be horizontal and vertical. We have given an example of a horizontal scheme.
Summarize
So, we found out what complex sentences with different types of connection are (their examples are very common in works of fiction and business communication). These are sentences containing more than two simple ones in their composition, and their parts are connected by different types of syntactic connection. SP with different types of communication may include NGN, SSP and BSP in various combinations. In order not to make mistakes in punctuation marks, you need to designate simple sentences inside a complex one and determine the types of syntactic links.
Be literate!
