Covalent non-polar bond refers to simple chemical bonds. It is formed by sharing electron pairs. There are 2 types of covalent associations that differ in the mechanism of formation. Consider its formation and find out in more detail what a non-polar bond is in general. It is most often formed in simple substances - non-metals, however, it can also occur in compounds formed by different atoms, provided that the values of the electronegativity of elementary particles are equal. For example, substance PH3, EO (P)=EO (H)=2, 2.
Let's consider how a covalent non-polar bond is formed. The hydrogen atom has only 1 electron, so its electron shell is not complete, it lacks 1 more. When interacting, hydrogen atoms begin to approach each other due to the forces of attraction of nuclei and electrons, while partially overlapping electron clouds. In the course of this, a doublet is formed, which belongs to two elementary particles at once. In the place where the electron clouds overlap each other, there is an increasedelectron density, which attracts the nuclei of atoms to itself, thereby ensuring their strong connection into a molecule. A covalent non-polar bond is schematically written as follows:
N + N - N : N or N - N.
Here, an unpaired electron of the outer level is indicated by one dot, and a common electron pair by two dots - : or a dash.
From the above it can be seen that the region of overlapping electron clouds is located symmetrically with respect to both atoms. In a similar way, a non-polar covalent bond will be formed when molecules of simple substances appear that have a larger number of electrons.
Since this bond is typical for most non-metals, it is possible to establish a pattern related to their physical properties. Substances with a covalent non-polar association can be solid (silicon, sulfur), gaseous (hydrogen, oxygen) and liquid (only bromine). Looking closely at molecular ma
sss of gaseous and liquid non-metals, it is clear that with an increase in Mr, the melting and boiling points most often increase. This does not happen with solid non-metals. The thing is that such simple substances have an atomic-crystalline structure, the strength of which is given by a covalent non-polar bond. Thus, the larger the number of such a bond, the harder the connection, for example, diamond and graphite.
Non-polar association is of great importance in the processesthe vital activity of organisms, because it is much stronger and more stable than hydrogen and ion. In order to break such bonds, an animal or plant needs to expend a large amount of energy, so enzymes take an active part in the destruction mechanism.
Covalent non-polar bond is a bond formed by identical atoms or different elementary particles of a complex compound having equal electronegativity values. At the same time, the atoms equally share a common electron pair (doublet).
