Religious association is one of the areas of public-confessional regulation of freedom of religion. In our country, citizens have the right to create such organizations.
Legislation
The Federal Law on Religious Associations contains the definition of religious associations, as well as the rights and obligations of the citizens who make them up. People can jointly hold religious ceremonies, pass on experience to the younger generations.
Classification
Religious associations in Russia are divided into organizations and groups. Let's analyze their main distinguishing features.
The law on religious associations allows the existence of groups without special state registration, registration of a legal entity. Religious groups have the right to perform worship services, other religious rites, ceremonies, and educate followers.
A religious association is a legal entity. In our country, the creation of brotherhoods (sisterhoods), monasteries, spiritual educational institutions, missionary societies is allowed.
Parishes, communities
Such a religious association is an organization consisting of more than 10 adults who adhere to a common religion to hold joint religious holidays and ceremonies. Such an association can be considered the initial link in the structure of religious organizations. Basically, communities, parishes belong to some kind of centralized associations. At the same time, their independent existence is also quite allowed.
Regional Offices
Such religious organizations and associations have their own charter, they have at least three religious local organizations.
The Brotherhood is a community that is created for cultural, educational, missionary, charitable purposes. Some monastic Catholic orders are also called brotherhoods.
Missions and seminaries
Missionary religious association is an organization that is established to preach and spread a certain creed through educational, religious, charitable activities.
Spiritual educational institutions (seminaries, academies, colleges) are institutions that are engaged in the targeted training of church ministers and priests. Graduates of such educational institutions conduct targeted religious and educational activities in churches and monasteries.
FZ on religious associations regulates themactivities.
It specifies all the basic rights and obligations of various religious associations. Violation of the law entails administrative and criminal liability.
Religious associations of the Russian Federation are voluntary associations of citizens of the Russian Federation, other persons who legally reside in the territory of our country. They are created for joint confession, as well as for the purpose of spreading the doctrine.
Procedure for creating religious groups
The law on conscience and religious associations regulates the formation of such an organization. Religious groups do not require state registration, there is no need to formalize and confirm the legal capacity of a legal entity. For the functioning of such a religious organization, the property is used, which is in the personal use of the participants.
Representatives of the group have the right to perform worship services, other religious rites, ceremonies, to teach the basics of the faith of their followers.
To create it, you need to use a certain algorithm:
- write an application according to the established template;
- the application must be signed at least 10 with transcripts;
- chosen local government.
Peculiarities of religious organizations
It is recognized only if the fact of compliance was established during the state examination. After obtaining the status of a religiousorganizations, the association can count on receiving benefits from the state, including tax breaks, as well as conduct charitable activities.
The main difference between it and a religious group will be the presence of a legal entity. According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation a person is an organization that owns property, conducts economic activities, is responsible for separate property, can act as a defendant and plaintiff in a court session.
Classification of religious associations
Such organizations are divided into centralized and local. The former consist of 3 or more local organizations. To create the second group, 10 participants who have reached the age of majority, living in the same settlement (city, village) are enough.
The date of creation is the day of official state registration of a religious association. It is mandatory to have your own Charter, which is approved by a centralized religious organization, meets all the requirements of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
In the Russian Federation, all issues related to the administrative and legal regulation of religious associations are related to the implementation of the constitutional rights of the individual to freedom of religion and conscience. At this stage of the socio-economic development of Russia, this issue is of significant scientific and social importance.
Those norms that determine the administrative and legal status of religious associations in the Russian Federation are imperfect and need serious improvement.
Practiceindicates that in addition to the external activities of such associations, internal relationships that arise between the main participants of the organization are of particular importance. Such regulation is necessary, since such relationships often affect the interests and rights of the individual, the interests of the state and society, which cannot be left without administrative and legal influence.
The concept of a religious association as a subject of administrative law of the Russian Federation
The Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees the activities and existence of various religious associations that have certain functions, goals, and solve specific problems. This term is considered in two different aspects. On the one hand, this is a religious concept that reflects the essence and characteristics of relations that develop in the process of organizing a particular religion.
On the other hand, it can be viewed as a legal concept, developed taking into account religion. The legal status of an organization is summarized from formal and external factors.
In Russia, before Peter the Great, the Orthodox Church existed independently of the tsarist institution. The provision, which was formulated by the Council in the 17th century, contained information about the advantage of the king in the conduct of civil affairs. The task of the patriarch included the implementation of church events.
Peter I carried out a radical reform of the relationship between church and state, it was then that the Holy Synod was created.
Because of the dominance of the Orthodox Church Russiawas a multi-confessional state, where non-Christian and non-Orthodox communities existed. To consolidate the legal status of this category of believers, special state acts were adopted.
Currently, all religious organizations are required to comply with the laws of the Russian Federation, they are separated from the state, have equal rights before the law.
Conclusion
In modern Russia, the activities of any religious associations are carried out in accordance with the Charter, it is possible only after the completion of the registration procedure. You can refuse such a procedure only if the organization is not recognized as religious, or its Charter contradicts the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The liquidation of such associations is carried out by decision of the court or the official founders.
The reason for the court decision, in addition to violating public security, actions that are aimed at forcibly changing the constitutional rights of citizens, may be forcing citizens to destroy their families, infringing on the rights, freedoms, personality of Russians, causing moral and physical he alth, coercion to suicide, refusing medical care.
Foreign religious associations must first obtain a state certificate, which is issued at the request of a Russian religious organization preaching a similar religion.
In order for foreign figures not to have a desire to violate the norms of Russian law, to involve our compatriots in their activities, a special Regulation on the procedure was adoptedregistration, opening, and closing of representative offices of foreign religious organizations in the Russian Federation.
To strengthen the economic and social base of the state, it is important to pay close attention to religious groups and organizations, the specifics of their activities. Of course, this does not imply restrictions on the freedoms of citizens in religion, restrictions on their constitutional rights and freedoms.
