Participle Endings: Spelling

2024 Author: Angel Austin | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-18 03:53

How to write: behind a stain remover, without a cleaner, with a bleaching paste? If there is a problem with setting missing endings, then you need to study this topic.

The end of participles and adjectives - one spelling

Although the spelling of participle endings is one of the most problematic spellings, the selection rule for it is very simple - the same as the spelling of adjective endings:

The endings of adjectives and all agreed parts of speech should be checked against the question. There may be vowels -o in the ending, -s after the stem to a hard consonant, -e, -and after soft and sibilant consonants. For example: near (what?) high fence; write (what?) with a blue pencil, be touched (what?) by a sleeping cat

Attention! You cannot check the form of adjectives and agreed parts of speech in the masculine singular of the nominative case with a question

So, the endings of participles and adjectives are written according to the same rule. Although not only they, all the endings of the agreed parts of speech are written in this way, answering the questions: which one? whose?

Case endings of participles

Apply this rule by declining participles.

end participles in the masculine and neuter gender in the singular
will give birth. p.	what?	no cleaner, stain remover
dative p.	to what?	to cleaning agent, stain remover solution
the accuser. p.	what? what?	saw cleaner, stain solution
creates. p.	with what?	with detergent, stain solution
offer p.	about what?	about cleaning agent, stain remover

feminine participle endings in singular. number
will give birth. p.	what?	no whitening paste
dative p.	to what?	to whitening paste
the accuser. p.	what?	saw whitening paste
creates. p.	with what?	with whitening paste
offer p.	about what?	about whitening paste

end participles in sets. number
will give birth. p.	what?	no sanitizers
dative p.	to what?	to disinfectants
the accuser. p.	what?	saw disinfectants
creates. p.	with what?	with disinfectants
offer p.	about what?	about disinfectants

Practice 1

Now that you know how to write the end of participles, the rule is clear, you can proceed to the practical part. For now, we will only turn to phrases, since in sentences you need to be able to find the main word to which the participle refers. Fill in the missing vowels in the participle endings:

On the colorful… lawn.
Falling leaves.

About flying…moth.
For a toy taken away.
To the sitting… baby.
Guys, telling… about the trip.
Fromdisturbed… hive.
People fighting for freedom.
From a saucer, knocked over by… a kitten.
Splashing the wave.

The question is put to the sacrament from the main word

In order to correctly write vowels in the endings of participles, you need to correctly put the question. To pose a question, you need to find the main word that has the meaning of an acting person or an object experiencing action from another object.

active item

an object that is affected by another object

cat (what did he do?) jumped up

(what?) jumping

from the cup (what did you do with it?) overturned

(what?) overturned

Thus, you get the following:

From a cup, overturned by… a cat, jumping… onto the table, milk spilled.

The endings of participles can only be recognized by the question that is posed from the main word.

Practice 2

Which word will be the main and which will be the dependent word in phrases?

In a student-written essay.
A carpenter sawn board.
On the path leading to the park.
Flowers planted by us.
In a notebook checked by the teacher.
On the wave splashing near the shore.
In a house built in the village.
On the front garden painted green.
On the helicopter taking off from the platform.
Behind the plane flying over the forest.

Practice 3

Let's work out the spelling of the case endings of the participles by inserting the missing endings in the following sentences:

The window shows the riverside overgrown with bushes.

We turned towards the river, overflowing during the rains.
People remember the names of the heroes who gave their lives during the war. These heroes live in the rustle of trees over overgrown… trenches.
In April 1940, the battleship "Petropavlovsk" went down to fight with the Japanese squadron.
The librarian made a selection of books for the boy, interested in…. Space.
The dawn of the day, long awaited by us… was overshadowed by bad weather.
We borrowed books from the library, founded by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
With the mind, aimed at only evil and destruction, not to embrace all the beauty of this world.

We were happy with the heavy rain, which succeeded in… nailing down the dust, but not succeeding in… making mud.
There is nothing sweeter than peace, buy… honest work.
The next day we were to meet with the militia, moving towards us.
The faces of everyone turned pale from the greenish light spilling on the veranda.

Practice 4

Doing this task, you need to open the brackets in the sentences:

In the (drowsy, frozen) silence of the rooms, only the monotonous hum of a lone fly could be heard.
The hunter looked through the bushes(looming) the figure of a huge bear.
There was an unusual silence above the (drowned in darkness) forest.
The spring sun looked joyfully at the (paved with gray stones) street.
In the (faint) moonlight, I could make out the outlines of horses far out in the steppe.

Practice 5

Find participles in the text, put questions to them from the main word and check the spelling of their endings.

Early in the morning, a milky-white fog covers the dense forest with an impenetrable veil. But it does not dissipate by lunchtime, but turns into heavy, gray clouds, covering everything to the horizon. It happens that winter hurries and hurries the passing summer, and in early October it snows. Wet flakes cover trees that have not yet shed their leaves. Under the weight of snow, young trees bend almost to the very ground, also covered with a fluffy blanket.

Answers to practical tasks

On the motley (what?) lawn.
Fallen (what?) foliage.
About a flying (what?) moth.
For a taken away (what?) toy.
To the sitting (to what?) baby.
Guys (who?) talking about the trip.
From the disturbed (what?) hive.
Peoples (what?) fighting for freedom.
From a saucer (which one?), overturned by a kitten.
Splashing (what?) wave.

Which word will be the main and which will be the dependent word in phrases?

In the essay written (what did he do with him? - suffering) by the student.
Sawn (what did you do with it? –suffering) carpenter board.
According to the leading (what is she doing? -actual) to the park path.

Flowers planted (what did they do? - suffering) by us.
In a checked (what was done with them?) notebook by a teacher.
On the splashing (what is she doing? - real) wave near the shore.
In the house built (what was done with it? - suffering) in the village.
On the front garden painted (what was done with it? - suffering) with green paint.
At a helicopter taking off (what is he doing? - action) from the platform.
Behind a plane flying (what is he doing? - real) over the forest.

The window shows the river bank overgrown (what?) with bushes.
We turned to the river, (what?) overflowing during the rains.
People remember the names of the heroes (what?) who gave their lives during the war. These heroes live in the rustle of trees above (what?) overgrown trenches.
In April 1940, the battleship Petropavlovsk, which was going to battle with the Japanese squadron, sank.
The librarian made a selection of books for a boy (what?) Interested in Space.
The onset of the day we (what?) expected for a long time was overshadowed by bad weather.
We borrowed books from the library (what?) founded by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
With a mind (what?) directed at only evil and destruction, it cannot cover all the beauty of this world.
We were happy with a big rain, (what?) that had time to nail down the dust, but did not have time to bring mud.
There is nothing sweeter than peace(what?) bought by honest labor.
The next day we were to meet with the militia, (what?) advancing towards us.
The faces of everyone turned pale from the greenish light (what?) spilling on the veranda.

In the sleepy, frozen silence of the rooms, only the monotonous hum of a lone fly could be heard.
The hunter peered through the bushes at the approaching figure of a huge bear.
An unusual silence hung over the dark forest.
The spring sun happily looked at the street paved with gray stones.
In the faint moonlight, I could make out the outlines of horses far out in the steppe.

Early in the morning, a milky-white fog covers the dense forest with an impenetrable veil. But it does not dissipate by lunchtime, but turns into heavy, gray clouds (what?), covering everything to the horizon. It happens that winter hurries and hurries the outgoing (what?) summer, and in early October it snows. Wet flakes cover trees (what?) that have not yet left their leaves. Under the weight of snow, young trees bend almost to the very ground (what?), also covered with a fluffy blanket.

Verbs and participles

Sometimes people confuse verbs with participles, since the connection between these parts of speech is very close - participles are formed from verbs:

Ripe gooseberries - ripe gooseberries.
Dog barking - barking dog.
The boy is standing - the boy is standing.
Mushrooms collected - collected mushrooms.
The field was sown - the sown field.
Told a story -story told.
The ice has melted - melted ice.
The area explored - the area explored.
Things scattered - scattered things.
Children made happy - happy children.
Windows lit up - lit windows.
The slumbering ocean is the slumbering ocean.
Overgrown paths - overgrown paths.
Words written - written words.
Standing poles - standing poles.
Waves are foaming - foaming waves.

The object is moving - the moving object.
The birds were disturbed - disturbed birds.
The people are fighting - the fighting people.
Reeds swaying - swaying reeds.
Digged a ditch - dug a ditch.

But it's quite easy to distinguish between them - the endings of verbs and participles are completely different. Verb endings depend on mood and tense.

In the present and future indicative mood, verbs change in person and number:

	single number	pl. number
1 face	I read, I see	we read, we see
2 face	you read, you see	you read, you see
3 face	he reads, he sees	they read, they see

In the indicative mood in the past tense verbschange by gender and number:

	single number
masculine	he read, saw
feminine	she read, saw
neuter gender	it read, saw
plural	they read, they saw

The participles have the same endings as the agreed parts of speech and depend on the gender, number and case of the main word. There is no such thing as personal participle endings in Russian.