Any competition of research projects involves not only the presentation of your project, but also its proper design. In order to have a chance of success, it is important to take the procedure for processing the results obtained seriously and responsibly.
Innovative projects
In the modern economy, almost all firms use project activities. This allows companies to take part in tenders and competitions, to receive money for the implementation of their ideas.
Innovative research project is a form of targeted management of the company's activities in modern conditions.
In order to achieve the set goals, the project should have a well-thought-out system of activities and decisions that are interconnected in terms of resources, deadlines, and performers. When implementing innovative activities, a separate project is selected for each process. It is a system consisting of many solutions in individual areas:
- technical;
- scientific;
- production;
- financial;
- marketing;
- managerial
Sections of the innovation project
Because it can be consideredbusiness project, allocate standard sections:
- description;
- company profile;
- product description;
- features of marketing research;
- production project;
- sales specifics;
- financial calculations
Developing a research project involves long and serious work. It is aimed at resolving urgent practical and theoretical problems that have economic, socio-cultural, and political significance. A distinctive feature of a research project is the relevance and novelty of the goal, the realism of the tasks set.
Component parts
A research project has several parts that predetermine the stages of work. The first stage involves the formulation and substantiation of a scientific topic, conducting preliminary theoretical studies. It is at this stage that the costs of the work are estimated, and the expected efficiency is also calculated.
At this stage, the research project includes:
- Explanation of the relevance of the chosen topic.
- Study of scientific literature, indication of discoveries and achievements that are used to solve applied problems.
- Setting goals, objectives, expected results.
- Overview of the results that are in the analyzed area.
- Selection of research methodology.
- Drawing up an action plan.
- Selection of equipment,materials, tools.
- Estimates.
- Assessing the expected economic effect.
- Thinking applications
A research project involves a technical and economic justification, approved by the head of the organization.
Further, material resources are allocated for scientific research. Thus, the research project moves to the second stage. Guidelines are being created and thought out for the practical part, where clear goals and objectives of the project are defined, plans and methods are detailed and refined, material and technical issues are worked out, standardization and metrology are discussed.
At the third stage, the research project involves the implementation of research, as well as a discussion of the results obtained in the process of work. In its course, they confirm or refute the hypothesis put forward, or clarify theoretical points. Further, production and technical conclusions are formulated, and the final part of the project is drawn up. The results obtained are used in the development phase to obtain a technical innovation project. The project is one of the most common forms of work used in modern production.
Technical design
Let's consider what characterizes a research project. Topics are selected by the author himself so that they are of practical interest, that is, they are relevant.
Its logic scheme is similar to innovativedevelopments. Government research institutes oversee such research.
The first stage involves setting the design goal, identifying the main structural, operational, economic indicators.
International R&D projects are linked to terms of reference. A marketer, an innovation manager, a designer, a constructor take part in them.
At the next stage, there is a choice of options for the structural and functional scheme of the created product, checking its uniqueness. To achieve the desired result, the participation of a process engineer is required.
At the end of this stage, a technical proposal is created, including records with economic and technical calculations, a product quality map, functional and structural diagrams, statements, a patent form.
Setting scientific goals allows you to create a technical product on the basis of which research will be carried out.
Important points
Terms of reference and offer are based on the needs of the market, obtained from the results of marketing research. They determine the composition of the cost, consumer, functional properties of the created technical object.
The scientific supervisor of the project determines the goals and objectives of the work, he is also responsible for drawing up a follow-up plan.
At the initial stages of design, it is important to choose the best methods and means to complete the project.
Next, the issue is resolvedon the selection of structural fundamental solutions of the product being created: composition, layout, schemes. Scientific literature related to the subject of the project is used for economic calculations.
For design work, the specifics of which is a creative approach, it is allowed to deviate from classical scientific approaches, use innovative methods.
School design
After the introduction of second-generation standards into the state educational system, research and project activities became mandatory at all levels of education. The supervisor, in the role of which the teacher acts, helps the project team to determine the topic of work, select goals and objectives, put forward a hypothesis, and select a methodology for conducting experiments on the research issue. Particular attention in school projects is paid to safety during experiments, which is relevant for environmental and chemical programs.
Scientific literature selected for review should not be out of date, as this will reduce the efficiency and quality of the work being created.
Project variant
We offer a variant of the project involving the cultivation of cranberries in the garden. In many European countries, as well as in the United States of America, there have long been vast areas devoted to the cultivation of cranberries. In addition, in America this berry is also grown in gardens. Americans have bred about 200 varieties of cranberries, the berries reach the size of cherries. In the United States allocated underplanting cranberries on about 11,000 hectares of land. The Americans managed to develop a mechanized technology for growing cranberries. In Russia, the first plantations appeared in Kostroma and Karelia, there is no such information on the intermediate results of the project.
In the territory of the Arkhangelsk region (for 2014) there is no enterprise engaged in the cultivation of cranberries. The main reason is the lack of an investor (an expensive project), as well as the unwillingness of businessmen to work with “seasonal products”. In the future, it is planned to implement a project to create a cranberry enterprise (Kholmogorsky district), but at present there is no detailed information on the status of the project.
Cranberry cultivation technology
Stevens cranberries require a well-lit plot of land to grow. Cranberries are planted in spring in late April - early May, and also in autumn - in October. First, a trench is dug 30 cm deep, 1 m wide, its walls are reinforced with slate or boards. Cranberry is a moisture-loving berry, but high humidity negatively affects its development and growth. It is recommended to plant cranberries in those areas of the soil where the groundwater level is at a height of 30-35 cm. With a lower placement of groundwater, additional watering will be required to obtain a full-fledged cranberry crop. Previously, the soil area where the cranberries are planned to be planted is freed from weeds, loosened, moistened, a small amount of river sand is added to the soil. The site should be sunny, trees and shrubs can grow along the edges to protect the plantation from the wind.
Cranberry shoots are stored in wet sphagnum moss or water for 10-15 days before planting. Cut them on the day of planting or the day before. Before planting cranberries, double superphosphate is applied to the soil (at the rate of 14 g per 1 square meter).
After that, seedlings of Stevens cranberries are planted. Planted with a pointed peg to such a depth that the seedlings protrude above the surface no more than 2-3 cm.
Cranberry seedlings are placed on the bed according to the pattern of 25 x 25 cm or less often, the shoots are straightened along the plot (too long sprinkled with earth in 1-2 places), and then watered. It is necessary to moisten the soil daily after planting for 1 week. For the winter in the first year of planting, the plantation must be covered with spruce branches or mulched with sand; fruiting cranberries do not need to be covered.
Business work plan
In the domestic market of the Russian Federation (NWFD), there are almost no analogues of this project, so the competition will be minimal.
To start production, no expensive equipment is required, no need to hire workers, which minimizes the cost of the project.
Demand for cranberries is consistently high, it is purchased in large volumes by food industry enterprises for making ice cream, yogurt, in confectionery shops for baking cakes and cakes. The sale of grown berries through retail outlets in the city and district is also quite affordable.
The main obstacle of our project is the lack ofinvestments, the need for a one-time investment of funds, the duration of the project. The risk of the project lies in the deterioration of weather conditions (the project assumes the receipt of seasonal profits), as well as in the instability of the economy.
In addition, you need to take into account the fact that the project will not pay off immediately, so many entrepreneurs do not consider it as a source of profitable investment.
Stevens cranberries were chosen for the project. It is frost-resistant, suitable for the harsh climatic conditions of our region, and ripens in September. Cranberries of the Stevens variety are characterized by large berries, the weight of which reaches 3 grams. The yield per 1 m2 is 1.5 kg. The fruiting period of cranberries occurs in the third year after its planting. To care for planted seedlings, it is necessary to periodically weed weeds, apply mineral fertilizers, as well as water and additionally mulch the soil.
In the first three years, when there is an intensive increase in the vegetative mass of plants, nitrogen fertilizers are used to a greater extent. At the next stage (after 3-4 years), when the plant begins to fully bear fruit, the amount of nitrogen is reduced and phosphorus and potash fertilizers are used to a greater extent. Cranberries are a long-lived plant. With the right agricultural technology, it can bear fruit for more than 50 years.
Rent of land - 10 m2 (calculated for 1 month): 0.02 rub. for 1 m2. The calculation of the rent is based on the basic rates for rent and the specific rates approved by the Government of the region.odds.
The total cost of rent will be 2.40 rubles per year (0.20 rubles per month), but it is worth noting that the rent will increase annually due to the increase in the size of the land.
Conclusions on the project
The average payback of the project will significantly reduce financial risks (decrease in the cost of production or decrease in demand).
The commissioning of this project will be a source of replenishment of the local and federal budgets.
Due to the lack of competition, there should be no problems with the sale of products, therefore, in addition to selling cranberries and seedlings on the domestic market, we can consider entering the international market.
Establishing the production of cranberries in sugar in individual packages with advertising information (at the request of the customer).
When entering the industrial scale - the creation of jobs. For one hectare of a cranberry plantation, 140 thousand cuttings will be required, the yield will be more than 10 tons. Approximately 1.8 million rubles will be required for tillage, design, planting material, payment to workers, equipment. When selling berries at a minimum price of 40 rubles per kilogram, the income will be (in 3-4 years) more than 350 thousand rubles.
