Pre-school education aims to ensure the self-realization and development of children, as well as the development of the initiative and research activities of the child. One of the best means of developing the above qualities is the technology of research activities, which we will discuss in detail in this article.
Why are children so curious?
The child is constantly looking for new objects and experiences for himself because he is driven by a craving for tentative research activities that are aimed at studying the environment. The more diverse and intense the search activity of the child, the more information he will have, and, accordingly, the higher level of development will differ.
The best information is acquired by a child when he explores the surrounding world of sounds, objects and smells. For a child, the whole world around is new andinteresting, he looks at him with a blank look. Is it possible to know the world better than through personal sensations and experience? The technology of research activity studies the ways and causes of the cognitive activity of the child.
Reasons for the disappearance of a comprehensive curiosity in a child
What is the reason that the once cheerful and curious child suddenly lost all interest in life?
Parents, of course, with the best intentions, often tell their children not to look around, not to stumble, not to touch leaves, earth and snow, not to run through puddles.
Because of such actions of improvident adults, the child sooner or later loses interest in why the grass is green, the rainbow appears after the rain, and gasoline leaves bizarre colored stains on the puddles.
Technology of research activity teaches teachers to answer questions correctly and at the same time protect the child from many troubles, because the task of adults is not to hinder, but to promote the all-round development of children.
Definition of research activities and related concepts
Technology of research activity is a section of intellectual and creative activity, the basis of which is search activity and research behavior. It is also an active activity of the child, which is aimed at understanding the causal relationships between the surrounding phenomena, as well as their ordering and systematization.
A few basicsresearch activity:
- Search activity - behavior, the purpose of which is to change the situation or attitude towards it, if there is no certain forecast of situational results. At the same time, situational efficiency and effectiveness are constantly taken into account.
- Exploratory behavior is the act of learning and searching for new information from the environment.
- Exploratory activity is the normal state of the child, expressed in his desire to explore and learn everything. We can say that exploratory activity is a step into the unknown for a child.
Research activity in ontogeny
The theory of research activity in the preschool educational institution studies children from early childhood, and at first their activities are simple experiments with things, during which perception is differentiated, and the ability to distinguish objects by color, shape, purpose is honed. There is training in simple gun actions.
At preschool age, cognitive research activity accompanies the game, productive orientation actions, testing the possibilities of new material.
In the senior group of the preschool educational institution, cognitive activity is manifested in the child both in the form of experiments and in the form of numerous questions to an adult.
Why is self-expression so important for a child?
There are several reasons why you should not neglect the introduction of research and development technologies in preschool educational institutions:
- development of the mental activity of the child, activation of his thought processes;
- qualitative speech development;
- expanding the range of mental combinations and techniques;
- formation and development of independence, the ability to adapt certain objects for one's own purposes and to achieve a certain result;
- development of the emotional sphere of the child and his creative abilities.
Thanks to ongoing research, the child himself is looking for answers to all his questions. This is a tremendous experience for the child, as well as the development of his ability to create, think and express himself.
Pros of child exploration
In the process of studying the technology of research activities according to the Federal State Educational Standard, the teacher learns to develop cognitive activity and curiosity, memory in the child, to activate his thought processes, because it is impossible to ignore the constantly arising need to perform operations on the analysis and synthesis of information, as well as generalizations, classification and comparison of the latter. The development of speech is stimulated by the need to draw conclusions and formulate certain patterns. The child accumulates numerous mental skills and abilities, develops creative abilities. Children learn to measure, count, compare. The emotional sphere of the child also develops.
Primary School Research
In our time, it is very important to create suitable conditions for improving the educational process at school. The knowledge with which a student goes beyond the walls of a secondary educational institution should be applicable in practice and contribute to his successful socialization. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to abandon the classical teaching methods, which are aimed at the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities, and switch to methods of student-centered development.
Priority should be given to techniques with elements of creativity. Among them, special attention is paid to such a teaching method as the technology of organizing research activities. It solves the problems of introducing methods of student-centered development into modern educational institutions. A child in elementary school learns to analyze, study, synthesize and evaluate the information received so as to apply it in practice.
Benefits of exploratory teaching
In order to raise the learning process to a qualitatively new level, it is necessary to introduce the technology of research activities into the system of extracurricular and classroom training, the purpose of which is to develop the creative and analytical abilities of the student, taking into account individual characteristics.
Through direct participation in research activities, students begin to realize their belonging and significance in big science, get acquainted with the ways of creative and scientific work, develop an interest in learning, learn to communicate with peers, take part in all kinds of research experiments.
The history of the research method
Technology of educational and research activities in educational practice was in demand in ancient times. Ever since mankind had a need for learning, people have been thinking about how to optimize and improve this process.
Socrates became the first scientist in the history of mankind who introduced research methods into teaching. Much later, Friedrich Adolf Diesterweg, the famous German scholar, recognized that Socrates' methods were the crowning achievement of the art of teaching. The main idea of Socrates is that a bad teacher teaches the truth, and a good teacher teaches you to find it yourself.
Technology for the development of research activities was reflected in the works of representatives of the educational activities of the eighteenth century. These include such scientists as Feofan Prokopovich, Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev, Ivan Tikhonovich Pososhkov. At the end of the nineteenth century, such scientists as Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky and Leo Tolstoy made their invaluable contribution to the study of the research activities of children.
Directions and tasks of research activities for GEF
The main tasks in the technology of research activities in the preschool educational institution according to GEF include:
- identifying the interests of the student and including him in research activities;
- teaching students according to modern scientific literature and developing information search skills;
- studying science under guidanceexperienced academic supervisors;
- providing reviews of the work of students participating in scientific conferences;
- holding all kinds of competitions and olympiads.
The main tasks of a teacher when working with research methods are:
- satisfaction of the research craving of the student by the teacher;
- awakening the student's interest in search activities;
- use of tools that activate the process of learning and cognition;
- help the child find their individual learning strategy;
- to convey to the child the idea that awareness is the fruit of a cognitive need;
- bringing the student to a stable result;
- stimulating the student by creating a suitable and comfortable learning environment.
Research productivity
The child will show remarkable interest in research activities if he feels his importance in this process. In order for the first successes to begin to appear in the student, the teacher must know a few simple rules.
There are several principles that a teacher must follow in order for a student to awaken an interest in research:
- principle of accessibility;
- level-by-level principle;
- principle of temporary development.
The principle of accessibility means the selection of individual tasks and teaching methods for the student, taking into account age and time characteristics.
The principle of tiering meansparticipation and ensuring accessibility in research activities at all levels of preschool and school education: school administration, a team of teachers, parents and preschoolers and schoolchildren themselves. At the same time, each level takes into account the individual characteristics of the student, his talents, abilities and desires, as well as the convenience of time and employment. For example, research activities in technology classes at school are different for girls and boys.
The principle of temporal development takes into account the characteristics of each period of time and sets tasks based on temporal features and frameworks. The principle of temporary development presents a certain difficulty for students, since it requires remarkable perseverance and skills to achieve the goal, as well as a certain level of diligence.
Principles of student-centered education
Of course, a modern approach to realizing the potential of students should be based on a system of student-centered education. Thanks to this system, the child develops as a person and at the same time receives the knowledge necessary for the future.
Due to the introduction of the theory of research activity in the educational process, the child learns to appreciate finding and independently solving problems and tasks. Personally-oriented interaction is impossible without a constructive dialogue between the teacher and the student. In this interaction, it is very important that the teacher does not just impose his point of view, leading the student along the trodden path, but helps to draw his own conclusions and independently solve the problems that arise.
Exploratory learning outcomes
The results of research training can be assessed according to two criteria: the compliance of the result with pedagogical criteria and requirements and the direct development of the individual in the process of this activity.
It can be concluded that the use of research technology in preschool and school helps the child develop as a person, prepares him for possible difficulties in the modern world, helps the process of successful socialization, as well as realize his creative inclinations and abilities, become useful to the environment the world and the people around.
