Most residents of the northern capital know the building of the guardhouse at the St. Petersburg outpost. However, the rest of the term will seem, to put it mildly, unfamiliar. The fact that this is a guardhouse will be described in detail in this article.
Word in dictionary
Before starting to consider the meaning of this term, you should pay attention to the explanatory dictionary, which says that the guardhouse is a room intended for the guard that guards the fortress gates. Most often, it was located at the exit or entrance of the latter. Quite often, the guardhouse was equipped with special loopholes (special holes) for firing fire.
Also, the guardhouse is the name of the guardhouse or guardhouse. From the German language "guardhouse" is translated as the main "guard". Later in Russia, this was the name of the guard house, that is, the place where the guard was located. Currently, in the armed forces, a guardhouse is a room where arrested servicemen are kept. In jargon, this place is called "lip".
History
The premises for the guard, called the guardhouse, appeared on the territory of Russia in 1707, after the commandant's offices and military garrisons were established by Peter I. The very first guardhouse was erected in St. Petersburg in the area of Senaya Square.
Divorce (building) of the main guard is a very interesting and beautiful sight, so the guard houses were placed on the main city square. The design of such buildings was entrusted to famous architects of the Russian Empire.
Much later, in Soviet times, separate rooms began to be allocated in guardhouses for the detention of arrested servicemen. In most countries there is no guardhouse, as there are military prisons.
Appearance of the guardhouse
In 1763, Empress Catherine II signed a decree on the creation of special development plans in cities, with certain rules. Along with the development of squares and streets, attention was paid to the architectural design of the city gates. In Novgorod, similar gates were built in the direction of Moscow, Pskov and St. Petersburg. These guard posts controlled entry and exit from the city. In 1834, two stone guard buildings were almost completely rebuilt.
The inexpressive buildings of the guard houses after the reconstruction became a real decoration of the city. These "cordeguards" were located on both sides of the road. A cast-iron fence with lampposts, between which a barrier was installed, closely adjoined the roadway. On thisAt the post, soldiers from the guard checked the documents of everyone who entered the city.
Design example
In Novgorod, the building of the guardhouse was decorated in the style of Russian classicism. The southern and northern facades were made identical to each other. Each facade has an arched niche in the center, which is decorated with two pilasters made with Doric orders and a window between them.
At the top of the niche has a decorative bas-relief in the form of the coat of arms of the city. A decorated triglyph frieze with rosettes and metopes was created above the archivolt of the niche. The top of the facades themselves is crowned with triangular pediments. Facade tympanums (drums) are decorated with high relief (sculptural relief) in the form of a double-headed eagle along with a shield on which is the monogram of Nicholas I.
The western façade, facing the road, has an entrance to the guardhouse. It is decorated with a semicircular loggia and two Doric columns. The top of the loggia has a decorative high-relief finish, identical to the pediment. The edges of the facades are decorated with stucco molding in the form of round shields, behind which are crossed swords. Currently, only one of the two buildings of the guardhouse has survived.
Types of guards
In different countries, depending on the type of troops, there are various types of guard duty. According to the Charter of such a service, three types of guards have been created in the Russian armed forces.
The garrison guard (camp) was created for defense and protectionthose objects that are located on the territory of the garrison, but do not have their own units or security groups. Also, the duties of the garrison guard include the protection of arrested servicemen who are in the guardhouse (lip). They report directly to the head of the garrison, the military commandant and the guard on duty.
Other species
Internal guard (ship) provides protection for all objects that are located in the military camp and in the place of permanent deployment (location) of the military unit. In fact, they guard the territory of military camps (in the slang - ships). The guard room is located within the perimeter of the guarded town, in a special separate building, which is enclosed by a fence. This territory is called the “guard town” and is a restricted area, that is, access there is strictly limited.
The internal guard is not a permanent formation of military personnel. It is created for a day, after which it is completely replaced by a new one. In other words, absolutely any enlisted soldier can be in this type of guard. The posts are subordinate to the commander of the military unit or to the person replacing him during the absence of the first, as well as to the officer on duty at the military camp (unit) and his assistant.
Guard of Honor
The guard of honor is a special permanent or temporary ceremonial unit of the armed forces. It was created to protect monuments, government facilities and historical sites. The guard of honor also participates in the reception of high-ranking guests from other countries.
As mentioned earlier, guard posts and guards are permanent and temporary. Permanent means those that are under continuous guard, for example, checkpoints of military units and military depots. These guards have a strict schedule that determines their shift and the duration of duty.
Temporary are used to protect various military equipment during its transportation at railway stations, airports and seaports. During emergencies and natural disasters, the temporary formation accompanies special cargoes, and also guards convicted and arrested persons during their transportation. Here is such a wide variety of guard service, which is located in the guardhouse.
