When communicating, we use different words, build a variety of sentences and phrases. And hardly anyone thinks about exactly what parts of speech he uses in his conversations. When pronouncing this or that word, not everyone would think to analyze what it is: a noun, an adjective, a verb, or some form of it.
It's different when you need to parse a sentence in writing at school. Here the words are distributed into different categories.
What is a part of speech?
Everything in the world is divided into different categories. So we, people, are used to laying everything out "on the shelves" so that there is not even a hint of chaos. We did the same with science. We divide various objects and phenomena into types, types, subtypes, and so on. Of course, this is very convenient when everything is systematized.
This approach also applies to parts of speech. After all, what are they? These are words that are divided into different categories according to common features, morphological and syntactic. So they are parts of speech.(for example, a noun, adjective, verb, and so on). Each of them has its own characteristics and plays a certain role in the sentences.
Parts of speech in Russian
There are ten parts of speech in total. They can also be categorized. The first includes: a noun (mother, gift, sun), an adjective (mother's, gift, solar), a numeral (one, second, three) and a pronoun (she, I, we, ourselves). They designate an object and its signs.
The next category includes verb and adverb. It defines actions, properties, a sign of action.
There are parts of speech that are called auxiliary (particle, preposition, union). They connect words and parts of a sentence. The particle gives a semantic and emotional load.
As we can see, the parts of speech (noun, adjective, verb, etc.) have their own specific characteristics and perform specific roles in sentence structure.
Noun
What is this part of speech? It is meant to refer to an object. Answers "who" or "what" questions. For example: dad, cat, TV, flowers. She also answers other questions, depending on the declension for cases and numbers. For example, "who", "what" - a person, a tree.
Nouns come in different genders (feminine: strength, will; masculine: ram, forest; middle: towel, window; common: crybaby, doctor).
Differ in numbers (there are singular and plural: the book -books, cloud - clouds, goat - goats, chair - chairs, tree - trees).
Divided into animate (squirrel) and inanimate (stone). At the same time, it can be very difficult to determine what kind of noun a noun belongs to. The verb, adjective and other parts of speech are not divided into such types. In order not to make a mistake with whether an object is animate or not, you need to learn some rules.
What is an adjective?
Beautiful, kind, wonderful, clear - all these are signs of an object. These words are adjectives. They answer the question "what".
Like nouns, adjectives change by gender: light, light, light (there are three types: masculine - bad, feminine - good, and middle - smart); by numbers: kind - kind; cases: kind, kind, kind., window) and possessive (indicate belonging: sisters, father, grandmother).
We learned what a noun, an adjective is. The verb is the next part of speech to be covered in this article.
What is a verb?
Words denoting actions that answer the question "what to do" - verbs. They have signs of number (passed - passed), person, time(did - I do - I will do), pledge, mood (subjunctive), gender (saw - saw).
Many incorrectly indicate the number of parts of speech of the Russian language, given some words. Nouns, adjectives, verbs are of different types. And some take these species for separate parts of speech. The latter - verbs - have different forms, which are also often perceived as parts of speech. Next, we will pay a little attention to them.
Verb forms
Communion, participle, many perceive as separate parts of speech. But in fact, they are just forms of the verb. The participle denotes the action (state) of a feature of an object that changes over time. For example: reading grandfather. A gerund is an action as a sign of another action. For example: said, looking after; did looking back.
It's different with the infinitive. It is usually taken as a form of a verb. And they do it right. It has no signs of person, tense, number, pledge, as well as mood and gender. For example: think, read, write, run, start.
Communion has these signs. It is similar in characteristics to an adjective, a verb. An adjective, a noun sentence is built with the help of objects and their attributes. The participle denotes an action (state) as a sign of an object that can change over time. In this characteristic, it differs from the name of the adjective, with which it is also sometimes confused.
Communion can be real (actioncommitted by the carrier of the sign, for example, a playing child) and passive (a sign that arose due to the impact on its carrier, for example, persecuted refugees).
What is an adverb?
The next part of speech, denoting a sign of an action, an object, is of good quality - immutability. This is an adverb. Most often it refers to a verb, denoting a sign of action. For example: spoke slowly, looked excitedly. Also often the adverb denotes a sign of a sign (for example: brightly painted eyes, a very strange plot), less often - signs of an object (for example: step forward, reading aloud).
Many parts of speech are divided into different types. For example, noun, adjective, verb. The adverb is divided into categories. There are six in total.
- Adverbs of manner. They answer the questions "how", "how". Examples: sleeping poorly, cooking fast, riding, living together.
- Adverbs of time ("when"). Examples: studied yesterday, got up today, went out in the morning, came back in the evening, was in the summer, rode in the winter, happened the day before, I'm resting now, etc.
- Adverbs of place answering the questions: "where", "from where", "where". For example: be here, go there, get out of here.
- Adverb of degree and action ("how much", "how much"). This includes words such as many, few, twice, very, very, etc.
- Adverbs of reason answering the questions "why" and"why" is the next category. It includes such words as foolishly, rashly.
- Adverbs of purpose, answering the questions "for what purpose", "for what". For example: poisoned on purpose, framed out of spite, left on purpose.
Conclusion
In this article we have considered some parts of speech: noun, adjective, verb and adverb. Each of them has its own characteristics and affects the construction of sentences, which is why they are so important and necessary. They are called parts of speech for a reason. These are the components of the proposal, without which it does not exist.
