Practically from elementary school, students have been doing such creative work as presentation in Russian language lessons. Presentation is the transfer of information contained in the text that the student is reading or listening to. This work is aimed at comprehending the text heard or read by students, and conveying its content and meaning. In the presentation, the student must retain both the style of the original source and its features. Such work is needed in order to develop spelling and stylistics skills.
How to work on a presentation
Usually the teacher reads the text for presentation two or three times or gives it for a while in printed form. When working on the text, you need to highlight the main idea, fix the keywords, determine the micro-themes and the number of paragraphs. After the first reading, you should consider the topic of the text and the main idea that the author wanted to convey to us. We also define the style and means of the language that were used. After that, the teacher reads the text a second time, and the students begin to work on the retelling. First write a draft, then you will need to correct it and check your workfor spelling and punctuation errors. After that, you can work on the final version. A presentation is a creative work, which sometimes happens with a creative task: you either need to give a name to the text, that is, to title it, or answer a question and write your attitude to the problematic issue raised by the author in it.
What are the types of presentations
The presentation can be concise, detailed or selective. The detailed helps students in training their memory, teaches them to pay attention to details and memorize the sequence of presentation. A concise presentation teaches you to highlight important points in the text, briefly outline and be able to shorten the text. In selective it is not necessary to retell the entire text. The language of presentation is simpler than descriptive. Usually you need to find information related to one of the characters or a specific topic.
Division of presentations by type of speech
The presentation is also divided into different types according to the type of speech. In the narrative, first of all, it is necessary to correctly state the sequence of events. In the descriptive, which is more complex, it is more difficult to assimilate the meaning of the text. In addition, when working with it, it is required to actively use artistic and expressive means when retelling. In reasoning, you need to be able to isolate the main theses of the text for presentation and convey them when retelling, arguing and logically building sentences.
What to pay special attention to
If the work is on a narrative type, then, as a rule,it is a plot, and it contains information about events that occur in a certain sequence. The main errors in presentation are the same information repeated several times and the frequent use of synonyms. Good text does not require unnecessary repetition and needs the correct use of verb forms. In the plot text, the main thing is to find the main idea, for which you should pay attention to the title. Then break the read material into micro-topics, and in each of them find the main idea.
Consider if this text contains information that should not be omitted? What details can you do without? How to summarize the main idea of each paragraph? How does the author relate to the characters, and in what words does this manifest itself? Working on descriptive text is considered the most difficult. The student is required to imagine a picture in his imagination, mentally draw a portrait of a person or object. In this presentation, it is important to pay attention to every little thing. Pay attention to exactly what details and nuances the author gives you to describe the subject, how the elements of the description are interconnected, what artistic and linguistic means he uses to achieve an accurate description.
How to work on a reasoning statement
In order to perform such work with high quality, it is important to be able to understand and convey not only the thoughts of the author, but also analyze them and express your opinion. When working on a presentation, first of all, clarify the main idea, highlight paragraphs, think about your attitude to the problematic issue raised by the author in the text,express your attitude to it and justify it. A presentation is a work that gives you the opportunity to express your thoughts.
Statement in the OGE in the Russian language
The work on the presentation is very important, and it needs to be introduced from the primary grades. The program of the state final certification in the Russian language offers ninth-graders as the first part of the exam to write a summary of the text they heard and thereby demonstrate their ability to compress information without missing important points. Many people find working on a condensed statement difficult. But in fact, having learned the techniques of text compression, you can perform it with the highest score. The texts for the presentations of the OGE can be found on the FIPI website, where they are specially posted to prepare for the exam.
How is the presentation at the OGE in the Russian language going? The teacher who coordinates the exam includes an audio recording in which the announcer reads the text in a well-trained voice. After 3-5 minutes, the teacher turns it on again. What should be the student's actions at the first listening? Highlight the main idea, write down the keywords and try to immediately break the text into paragraphs. In between listening, write down everything that is deposited in your memory. In the texts for the OGE, there are usually 3-4 paragraphs. Each has its own micro-theme and complete thought. The most important thing is to correctly identify them, omitting unnecessary details. After the text is written, you can start compression techniques. The requirements say that it is enough to apply two tricks to get the highest score. The easiest waysshorten the text: generalization of homogeneous members in one word, reduction of simple sentences by turning them into a complex one, removal of introductory words and constructions.
