On every family table you can find everyone's favorite product called "sausage". It has a different shape and composition, so you can use it to create many dishes. But few people think about when such a popular culinary creation appeared.
Sausage - what's that?
From dictionaries you can find out that such an ordinary word as "sausage" has many meanings. Some of them:
- Product that can be eaten. It looks like minced meat wrapped in a transparent shell.
- Minkowski's sausage - an ordinary geometric fractal.
- Separate air line hoses in air brakes found on older trams.
- A certain type of pointer that determines the direction of the wind.
Etymological origin of the word sausage
The original form of the word sausage is "kalb". The oldest mention of this expression in Russia can be found inbirch bark No. 842 from Novgorod. This document is a list of products sent by parcel.
Korsh claims that the word "sausage" was formed from the Turkish expression kul basti - "meat made in an original way." Vasmer has a different opinion on this matter. He suggests that the sausage was borrowed from the Turkic language külbasty - "fried meat cutlets". But at the same time, he does not deny the possibility of arising from the Turkic words qol and basdı - "hand" and "press", related to the method of preparing this product. Indeed, in those days, minced meat was already prepared and lamb intestines were stuffed by hand.
About the origin of the word "sausage" etymology puts forward a couple more theories. One of them is based on the fact that it comes from Hebrew, where there is a similar expression kolbāsār, meaning "all flesh", but not everyone agrees with this opinion: in biblical stories, this word refers to any living creature. In addition, Jews do not eat pork, which is the main element of the sausage.
There is a less popular version of the origin of this word, according to which "sausage" comes from the word "bun", because they have a similar shape.
The history of the origin of the word "sausage" in Russia
For some time, the theory about the German origin of "sausage" was popular among researchers. Allegedly, they were the first to bring sausage to Russian territory and taught the locals how to cook it. But with timeshe was refuted. Among the documents of Novgorod, a birch-bark document of the 12th century was found, proving that sausage already existed in those days. Unfortunately, researchers have not yet found later references to this product: after the 12th century, sausage disappears from history until the 16th century, when Domostroy was written, where the sausage was remembered, albeit briefly.
In the 17th century, German settlers came to Russia and began to create small sausage shops. It was they who passed on their experience to the Uglich masters who produced local sausages. Thanks to new knowledge, they turned everyone's favorite product into a gourmet dish that has gained popularity far beyond the borders of their country. It impressed Peter I so much that in 1709 he personally chose the best foreign professionals to create sausage workshops. These people taught Russian masters all the intricacies of their craft, and by the beginning of the 19th century, sausages of impeccable quality were on any table of a Russian family. By the end of the 19th century, 2,500 sausage shops could be counted throughout Russian territory, of which 46 sausages were mass-produced. In the era of prosperity of the USSR, a new raw smoked sausage appeared.
In 1936 they produced an experimental batch of dietary sausages made without smoking. They consisted of pork, were very tender in taste. This product gained popularity among the Soviet population, it was remembered under the name "Doctor's sausage". Its main consumers were sick people or patients going through the postoperative period.
Interesting facts
The first version of the sausage looked like minced meat seasoned with spices, which was filled with an intestine or other similar shell. This product is unique in that it has no homeland as such. Each nation can find a peculiar version of the sausage, and they invented it, not knowing about the culinary preferences of neighboring nations. The whole secret is that the sausage was a homemade semi-finished product that can be stored for a long time. It was very convenient, especially in the absence of suitable conditions for storing perishable meat, so sausage was cooked in every home.
For 500 years BC, sausage was first mentioned in ancient Greek, Chinese and Babylonian documents. Over time, she was discovered when translating Homer's Odyssey, and the no less famous Epicharmus created a comedy in her honor - Sausage.
This product was found not only in Greece, but also in Rome. There was a terrible heat in this territory, so the housewives were looking for ways to keep the meat fresh for as long as possible. And they found such a way: so that the meat would not spoil for a long time, it was cut into small pieces, seasoned with spices and s alt, and thrust into pre-prepared intestines, which were thoroughly washed and cleaned. When all the intestines were stuffed with meat, their ends were tied with thread and hung in places where there was no sun.
In the history of the origin of the word "sausage" and the interesting facts of its creation, one can single out an equally amazing moment - the sausage was on the list of products that the Romanarmy.
