Science 2024, November

Bile acids. Functions of bile acids. Biochemistry of the liver

Over the past few decades, a lot of new information about bile and its acids has been obtained. In this regard, it became necessary to revise and expand ideas about their significance for the life of the human body

Schematic diagram of reverse engine start

Reverse start of the engine is necessary in order to cause rotation in both directions. The principle is found in many devices: drilling, turning, milling machines. What about overhead cranes? There, all drives operate in reverse mode to enable the bridge to move forward and backward, the hoist to the left and right, and the winch up and down. And this is not all where this mode of operation is applied. You can read about it in the article below

Frequency of sound, light and Doppler effect

The material provides some information about what a physical frequency is, as well as a related phenomenon - the Doppler effect

Eagle Nebula: discovery, properties, unusual objects

This article is about the Eagle Nebula, which is located in the constellation Serpens. It tells about the history of the discovery of this nebula, its properties, unusual objects located on the territory of the Eagle Nebula. The material will be useful to users interested in space, astronomers and not only

Rosing Boris Lvovich, Russian physicist, scientist, engineer-inventor: biography, inventions

Rosing managed to fulfill the long-held dream of mankind to transmit images over great distances. Thanks to him, the fairy tale became a reality. What is the history of this discovery and what events prompted the scientist to choose this particular topic for research?

Fluvioglacial deposits: description, formation process, features

Such a geological term as fluvioglacial deposits is not familiar to everyone, and therefore it is not surprising that it causes difficulty in understanding when it occurs in text, conversation or is the main topic of discussion. It is easy to guess that these are deposits that accumulate over time in the ground under certain conditions. What are these conditions?

Ammonium polyphosphate: description, properties, application

Ammonium polyphosphate: chemical formula and its structural form, description of the substance, physical properties. The toxicity of the compound to living organisms. Methods for obtaining ammonium polyphosphate. Applications of this substance

Binary relations and their properties

The concept of "binary relation" existing in mathematics expresses one of the forms of the general interconnection of a multitude of objects, processes and phenomena both in nature and in society, the thinking of its individuals and their totality

V.I. Vernadsky: noosphere as a science

We all have known for a long time, since school, the scientist V.I. Vernadsky. Noosphere, that's what his name is associated with in our memory

How does the human heart work, what are its functions?

The heart is a hollow muscular organ. It is the most important in the human body, because thanks to its work, blood circulates through the body. Every person needs to know how the heart works

Dwarf planets: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea

Dwarf planets didn't actually exist until 2006. Then they were separated into a new class of space objects. The purpose of this transformation was to introduce an intermediate link between the major planets and numerous asteroids to prevent confusion in the names and statuses of new bodies found beyond the orbit of Neptune

Description of the asteroid belt of the solar system. Main belt asteroids

A complete description of the solar system is unthinkable without mentioning the objects of the asteroid belt. It is located between Jupiter and Mars and is a cluster of cosmic bodies of various shapes revolving around the Sun under constant control from the gas giant

Auriga is a constellation in the northern hemisphere of the sky. Description, brightest star

In winter, the stars in the sky light up much earlier than in summer, and therefore not only astronomers and lovers of late walks can enjoy them. And there is something to see! Majestic Orion rises high above the horizon, accompanied by Gemini and Taurus, and next to them lights up the Auriga - a constellation with a long history and a large number of interesting objects. That is what is at the center of our attention today

Constellation Eridanus: photo, why they called it that, legend

Eridanus is an ancient constellation in the sky. Its origin and name are shrouded in legends, and scientific interest in its objects has not faded over the years

Fiber optics and its applications

The article is devoted to fiber optics. The features of the technology, types of products, advantages and applications are considered

New in science and technology of the 21st century

Humanity is in a state of constant development, needs drive progress, and there are more of them every year. If initially the need was for food and a safe place to sleep, now the needs of a he althy individual, which must be satisfied, have exceeded several dozen

Scientific information: types, methods of obtaining and use

In the article we will talk about scientific information. We will find out what it is like, what are the sources of its receipt and how it is collected and analyzed. And also get acquainted with the features of the search for scientific information

The structure of the atom. Energy levels of the atom. Protons, neutrons, electrons

The electronic structure of an atom has an atomic nucleus, consisting of neutrons and protons, as well as electrons, which make revolutions around the nucleus in constant orbits, like planets around their stars. The structure of the atom is held together by the electromagnetic force, one of the four main forces of the universe

How is iron (steel) obtained and what is it made of?

Iron and steel based on it are used everywhere in industry and everyday life. However, few people know what iron is made of, or rather, how it is mined and converted into a steel alloy

Luminous flux - what is it?

The power of visible light radiation, which is estimated by the sensation of the human eye and measured in lumens, is the luminous flux. This is the energy that any light source gives

Atomic clocks: history and modernity

In 1967, in the International SI system, the category of time ceased to be determined by astronomical scales - they were replaced by the cesium frequency standard. It was he who received the now popular name - atomic clocks. The exact time that they allow you to determine has an insignificant error of one second in three million years, which allows them to be used as a time standard in any corner of the world

European Space Agency: history of creation, functions and activities

The European Space Agency was established in 1975. As of today, it includes 22 countries. The main objective of the organization is the cooperation of its members in the field of exploration and study of outer space for its peaceful use

Bevel gears, their application and manufacture

A feature of bevel gears is the ability to impart rotation to a shaft located at right angles to the drive axle

Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (RGHF): description, history, chairman and activities

The Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (RHF) was established as part of the state program for the protection of the humanities. The purpose of the organization is the development, increase of knowledge, scientific developments and discoveries. The main task of the foundation is the revival of traditions and their dissemination among society. The work of the organization should stimulate people's interest in the humanities

Energy resources. Description

Fuel and energy resources are considered the basis of modern economic activity in any country. At the same time, this industry is the main polluter of the natural complex

Oxidation of metals at home

This article will focus on the analysis of the phenomenon of metal oxidation. Here we will consider a general idea of u200bu200bthis phenomenon, get acquainted with some varieties and study them using the example of steel. The reader will also learn how to perform a similar process on their own

Muscle fibers. Types of muscle fibers

Thin muscle fibers form each skeletal muscle. Their thickness is only about 0.05-0.11 mm, and the length reaches 15 cm. The muscle fibers of the striated muscle tissue are collected in bundles, which include 10-50 fibers each. These bundles are surrounded by connective tissue (fascia)

Thermal expansion of solids and liquids

It is known that under the influence of heat particles accelerate their chaotic motion. If you heat a gas, then the molecules that make it up will simply scatter from each other. The heated liquid will first increase in volume, and then begin to evaporate. What will happen to solids? Not all of them can change their state of aggregation

Permanent magnet and its varieties

Permanent magnet is intended for use as a source of constant magnetic field in electrical, automatic, radio engineering and other devices. Moreover, it allows you to significantly reduce their dimensions and weight, while increasing autonomy and reliability

What is the efficiency of the electric motor? How to improve the efficiency of an electric motor?

Electric motors appeared quite a long time ago, but great interest in them arose when they began to represent an alternative to internal combustion engines. Of particular interest is the question of the efficiency of the electric motor, which is one of its main characteristics

High intelligence - signs. IQ test. What is intelligence and how to develop it

Have you ever wondered why some people are able to quickly find the right solutions in any situation, while others are lost when difficulties arise? It's not just about character traits. The most important thing that distinguishes us from each other is the intellectual abilities that a separate individual has

Siberian selection of tomatoes - features and advantages. The best varieties of Siberian tomatoes

Siberian selection of tomatoes can be of interest only to purposeful people. You can even say altruists, because growing vegetables in conditions unsuitable for "living" in Siberia is akin to madness. What will be the result - only God knows

Iron oxide and its production from mineral raw materials

Iron oxide is a naturally occurring compound that serves as a mineral raw material for the production of steel and iron

The northern hemisphere and its polar constellations

Stars and planets, galaxies and nebulae - looking at the night sky for hours you can enjoy its treasures. Even a simple knowledge of the constellations and the ability to find them in the sky is a very useful skill. This article briefly describes the polar constellations of the northern hemisphere, and also gives practical instructions for finding them in the sky

Neglect is how? Meaning, synonyms and interpretation

Life is complicated. Therefore, a person willy-nilly has to choose. Correctly, any choice is organized as follows: a person thinks, figures out what is important and what is not. Then he sets priorities, and, of course, something has to be sacrificed, that is, neglected, this is quite natural. Today we will consider the meaning of the last verb, its synonyms and talk in detail about the various meanings

Svetlana Savitskaya: biography, photo

Svetlana Savitskaya is the second female cosmonaut after Valentina Tereshkova, also known for performing a spacewalk

Types of team: classification, definitions and concepts

We face teamwork every day. Coming to work, we communicate with our employees, returning home we meet with the family. And each group of people belongs to one or another type of collective. Modern science identifies several varieties of such communities, which we will discuss in this article. We will try to understand their functions and tasks

Hygroscopicity - what is it? Hygroscopicity of materials

What is the hygroscopicity of materials. Hygroscopicity - what is it? This is comfort. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibers, hygroscopicity of different fabrics: wool, silk, viscose, linen, cotton. Percentage moisture absorption of different types of fabric

The closest black hole to Earth

Black holes are huge space monsters that swallow entire planets. Their weight and dimensions are so huge that a person is simply unable to imagine these scales. Find out which of all black holes is closest to you and how dangerous it is for your life

Phosphoric acid, its physical and chemical properties and applications

Phosphoric acid has been known for a long time and was discovered by accident during a chemical experiment. However, even today, due to its physical and chemical properties and relatively inexpensive production, it is widely used in various industries such as agriculture, dentistry, molecular biology, food industry, etc