Scientific and cultural-spiritual activity has long been the most important sphere of life of human societies. However, it could not exist without the main means of communication - language. One of the greatest in the history of mankind was Latin. Famous literary and scientific monuments of the ancient world were created on it. Latin letters and language were dominant in the environment
European intelligentsia, pundits and in the spiritual realm many years after the fall of ancient civilization. Even today we can feel their influence in rather age-related sciences. Roman words and phrases appear with enviable constancy in medicine, history, philosophy, and mathematics. In our everyday life, even in Russia, we see hundreds of inscriptions in foreign languages every day. As a rule, this is English, which, it would not be an exaggeration to say, today dominates the cultural and information space of the planet. However, this was not always the case. English took the position of an international language only at the end of the colonial era. For many centuries before that, the means of communication between different peoples with each other served justLatin. Moreover, without exception, all modern Western European languages (and partially Central European, as well as the peoples of both American continents) contain Latin letters in their written form. After all, all the alphabets of the Romanesque and Germanic modern peoples are the direct heirs of ancient writing. And the languages themselves are a synthesis of those that are characteristic of the late Roman period and local barbarian dialects with a smaller (as in Italian or Spanish) or more (as in English or German) share of the latter.
Origin of the alphabet
But how did the Latin letters themselves appear? What kind of ancestors did they actually have? If you dig even deeper into the antiquity of the centuries, it turns out that this alphabet, in essence, comes from ancient Greek. The latter, in turn, was the direct heir of the Phoenician. However, it is not yet possible to trace the direct evolution of how Latin letters were formed on the basis of ancient Greek writing. There is also a hypothesis that the process of their formation was significantly influenced by Etruscan writing. And the assumption is very popular among antique historians, since the Etruscan cities really dominated the cultural and spiritual life of the Italian peninsula in the pre-Roman period (and the first Roman kings were Etruscans by origin). In addition, it is interesting to note that the Etruscan writing itself, despite the fact that its appearance has been restored by archaeologists, has not yet been deciphered. As for the Latin script itself, thenthe first discovered inscriptions date back to the 7th century BC. This alphabet originally included 21 letters, later 23 were used during the classical period of the development of Roman
culture. Then the Roman legions asserted their own civilizational model on three continents.
Latin letters and numbers
And it should be remembered that, in addition to the famous alphabet, the Italians gave the world a number system. It was also used for a long period, however, unlike letters, it had a formidable opponent. They became the Arabic model of calculus. It was the latter that proved its great convenience and efficiency, first in the east, and then in the west. The use of Roman numerals today often looks more like a tribute to tradition than a truly rational necessity.
