The Republic of Tuva is an autonomous subject of the Russian Federation. Part of the Siberian District. The heart is the city of Kyzyl. To date, Tyva consists of 2 regional and 17 municipal districts. In total, there are more than 120 settlements and 5 cities in the republic.
Formation of autonomy
The history of the Republic of Tuva dates back to the first millennium BC. e. In those ancient times, Indo-European nomads lived in the region. Soon they were replaced by Turkic tribes. The first state system originated closer to the III century BC. e. The Donlin people were considered its creators. It was they who built the first communities in Southern Siberia.
Since 1914, the district was called Tuva. It was part of the Yenisei province under the protectorate of Russia. At that time, the capital of the republic was the settlement of Belotsarsk. Later it was renamed into the city of Kyzyl. Over time, Tuva got its own state symbols and anthem, budget, government within the USSR. In 1993, according to the constitution, the republic was renamed Tyva. Since then, the countyreceived full autonomy. Now the territorial authorities had the right to resolve issues of peace and war, establish their own judicial system, and conduct prosecutorial supervision. In turn, the capital of the Republic of Tuva has become the economic center of the entire region.
In 2006, a number of regional deputies sent a letter to the President of Russia with a request to remove the head of the republic from activity. The answer to such a request was the exclusion of politicians from all party associations in the country. Such measures were aimed at stabilizing the situation in the Republic of Tyva. In 2010, local citizenship was abolished.
"Red" capital
The center of the Autonomous Okrug is the modern and beautiful city of Kyzyl. The Republic of Tuva is notable for many aspects, but its capital is considered the main one. The word "kyzyl" in translation from Turkic means "red". This city is rightfully recognized as the main attraction of the republic.
It is located between the mouths of the Yenisei in the Tuva basin. However, for millions of tourists, the capital is remarkable for a completely different reason. Experts have calculated that the geographical center of Asia is just the city of Kyzyl. The Republic of Tuva is located in the UTC +7:00 time zone. Relative to Moscow, the time is shifted 4 hours ahead. The climate in the capital is dry, there is practically no wind. The whole reason for the location of Kyzyl is the hollow. Winters here are not snowy, but severe (up to -52 degrees). There is no such thing as spring. Meteorological summer begins in May. June-July is the time of hurricanes and strong dust storms. Heavy rainscome only in August. The first frosts are already observed in September.
Today's capital of the Republic of Tyva consists of many neighborhoods. They are divided by economic and geographical features. These are such microdistricts as "Central", "Southern", "Pravoberezhny", "Gorny", "Sputnik", "Stroitel" and others. Also, the capital of the Republic of Tyva is notable for the fact that it has its own combined heat and power plant.
Geography of the region
The territory of the Autonomous Okrug extends over an area of almost 170 thousand square meters. km. It is located in the southeastern region of Siberia. It has common borders with Mongolia, Buryatia, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, the Republics of Altai and Khakassia.
The largest lake was named Ubsu-Nur. Located in the South Mongolian Basin. Practically the entire region is represented by mountainous terrain. The capital of the Republic of Tuva is located at the lowest point of the platform. According to Russian theologians, more than 80% of the territory of the Autonomous Okrug is mountains, and only 20% is plains and steppes. The eastern and northern borders of the republic are closed by ridges up to 3 km in height. Most of the relief is occupied by the Sayan Mountains and the Derby-Taiga plateau.
On the territory of Tyva there are 16 extinct volcanoes at once. The highest point in the region is Mount Mongun-Taiga - 3976 meters. It refers to the Altai system of ridges.
Natural Features
There are dozens of natural monuments, wildlife sanctuaries and nature reserves in Tyva. The Ubsunur basin has long been included in the UNESCO list of natural and cultural heritage. It is notable for the fact that it contains the largest freshwater basin in Asia. The total territory of the water area extends to 1.07 million hectares. The basin is simultaneously protected by the Russian Federation, the authorities of Mongolia, and representatives of UNESCO.
The flora and fauna of the region is extremely rich in rare species. The reason for this is the suitable taiga landscape. Snow leopards, Sayan squirrels, wolverines, ermines, lynxes, wild goats live on the slopes of the mountains. In the lower reaches, you can often meet sables, bears, deer, wolves. It is worth noting that hunting for any animals is allowed in the steppe lands, except for snow leopards.
Climate and geology of Tyva
Summer is moderate in the region. In the mountains the weather is warm, in the hollows it is hot and dry. In winter, the temperature often reaches -40 degrees. Little snow falls, there are no snowdrifts due to lack of wind.
In summer the temperature varies from +25 to +35 degrees. At the end of the season, there is a sharp change in weather conditions. Often strong winds are combined into a single cyclic gust, forming powerful hurricanes. May and early September are considered the most optimal time of the year for recreation.
The soil in some places of the region does not have time to move away from permafrost. Mountain taiga and chestnut soils predominate. Hollows and mountains are covered with steppe vegetation. The Republic of Tyva is recognized as a seismically hazardous area. Strong earthquakes occur here almost every year. ATIn 2011, powerful tremors of 9.5 points were recorded 100 kilometers from Kyzyl. Because of the cataclysm, thousands of residents of villages and cities were left without electricity. The number of casu alties was estimated in the hundreds. The last serious earthquake was observed in the republic in February 2012.
Cultural Treasure
Indigenous Tuvans still revere the traditions of ancient nomads. The reason for this is the relative detachment of the region from other subjects of the Russian Federation. The fact is that there is no well-established system of the railway industry in Tyva. In addition, the republic is surrounded by mountain ranges and reservoirs. That is why in some areas entire nomadic farms have been preserved. The rest of the locals are engaged in raising livestock and hunting.
The religion of the native Tuvans is called Lamaism. This is a combination of the spiritual component of Buddhism with elements of shamanism. In 1992, the Dalai Lama XIV himself paid a long visit to Kyzyl. It should be noted that the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tyva is closely following the cultural development of its younger generation. At all levels of education, young Tuvans get acquainted with the traditions of their ancestors in order to continue their work later. Yurts are still the main dwelling of the villagers. There is also a pronounced commitment to national cuisine only. Of the cultural heritage, it should be noted throat singing, agalmatolite products, horse races, khuresh wrestling and much more than the Republic of Tuva is rich in.
County population
The first census was conducted back in 1959. At that time, the population was about 172 thousand people. Of these, 57% were Tuvans, 40% were Russians, the rest of the peoples - less than 3%. Kyzyl is the most populous city - about 114 thousand inhabitants. The total demographic number of the republic as of 2015 is 314 thousand people. At the same time, the urban population is almost 54%.
Today Tuva is a multinational region. Tuvans, Russians, Ukrainians, Khakasses, Armenians, Tatars, Kirghiz, Buryats, and other peoples live here.
Economy of the Republic
The main industry of the region is mining: non-ferrous metals, coal, asbestos and other minerals. It is to this area of activity that the Government of the Republic of Tyva directs all efforts to attract investors. Also, one of the most important sectors of the region's economy are the forestry and food industries.
Agricultural land is about one and a half thousand hectares. Agriculture is not very developed here, but cattle breeding is flourishing. Another important industry is tourism. Tyva attracts visitors with several historical heritages. One of them is the "Main Temple", located in the Khemchik Valley.
Authorities
The government of the Republic of Tuva combines both legislative and executive activities. Its chairman since 2007 is Sholban Kara-ool (see photo on the left).
The government includes dozens of authorities: the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tyva, the Ministry of Economic Development, Culture, Social Policy, Finance, Economy, He alth, various services, state committees and agencies. The scope of the apparatus extends to targeted programs, legislation, strategic documents. A separate authority is the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tyva. Since 2012, Vladimir Azhi has been its chairman. The Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tyva includes two compositions: on the decision of civil offenses and administrative. The apparatus employs 35 civil servants.
