In complex sentences we always meet unions and allied words. This is not surprising, because the parts of these sentences, unlike compound ones, cannot be interconnected in any other way. We have to figure out what allied words are, how they differ from unions and how they are used in the text.
Conjunctions and allied words
These are special speech units that exist to connect subordinate clauses with the main clause in a complex sentence. Their main task is the same, but they are still different from each other.
Union is not an independent word, it is not a member of a sentence, it cannot be replaced by another independent word. And the allied word refers to independent parts of speech and, therefore, appears in the sentence as its member. In the text, it can be replaced with other pronouns and pronominal adverbs without prejudice to the meaning, because the role of allied words is played by the pronouns and adverbs themselves.
Additional signs of difference
The above are not the only characteristics that separate the union and the allied word. The differences between them also lie in the fact that the unionsthere is no logical stress in the sentence, but it falls on the allied word. Compare: "I am sure that (union) he will not come." / "I don't know what (association word) he'll come up with this time."
Another union differs from the allied word in that particles after it are completely inappropriate: exactly,. After allied words, these particles can be placed. Here are examples: "My current work is more interesting than (the union) was before." / "Find out what (union word and particle) he will do." “I know exactly what (the conjunction word and particle) he will do.”
Finally, there is one more detail that helps to distinguish between these similar syntactic units: it is sometimes possible to completely remove the union from the sentence by changing its punctuation, but this will not be tolerated by the allied word. Examples: "Naum told Olga that (the union) he was going to visit his grandmother." Compare: "Naum told Olga: he is going to visit his grandmother." / "Mikhail thought about the feeling that (the allied word) changed his whole life so quickly." It is impossible to omit the allied word, otherwise there will be confusion: “Mikhail thought about the feeling, so quickly changed his whole life.”
Something about alliances
Unions connect both parts of a sentence and homogeneous members in simple sentences. According to morphological properties, they are divided into simple and compound, into compound and complex. Compound unions, in turn, are divided into groups: connecting (and, also, not only … but also); adversative (but, however, but, but); separating (either, then … then, or, not that … not that).
There are six types of subordinating conjunctions:
- Causal: because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, etc. (Example: "Guests came to Antosha because it is his birthday today.")
- Target: in order to, in order to. (Example: "He needed a compass to figure out the coordinates.")
- Temporary: yet, when, barely, only, only. (Example: "It will be dark when I come for you.")
- Conditional: times, if, if, whether. (Example: "You can crash if you jump from a great height.")
- Comparative: as if, as, exactly, as if. (For example: "She danced so passionately with inspiration, as if it were the last time.")
- Explanatory: how, what, to. (Example: "He thought about how to sneak away without arousing suspicion.")
And now let's take a closer look at what lexemes can be used in the meaning of allied words.
Pronouns
These are, first of all, relative pronouns that indicate objects, signs and actions. We have already seen in the examples of the pronoun what, than. In addition to them, lexemes are used by whom, whom, what, who, which as a union word. Examples:
- "I heard what Ivan's job is now."
- "Think about who you might meet in the abandoned village."
- "I've seen beauty like I haven't seen since leaving Switzerland."
- "Sergei felt pain in his shoulder, which always intensified in inclement weather."
As we have already mentioned, the allied word can always bereplace with a pronoun. For example, the last sentence could look like this:
Sergei felt pain in his shoulder, it always intensified in inclement weather
Pronominal numeral as an allied word
The allied word is the word how much, which is related to the pronominal numeral:
“I asked Gennady how many years he had not been in Russia.”
Using pronominal adverbs
The roles of allied words can also be played by pronominal adverbs: where, from where, where, how, when, why, why, why. Here are sentences with allied words in this category:
- "Explain to me yet where you go every night."
- "Yevgeny confessed where his millions came from."
- "I know where you were after dinner."
- "Alik patiently told how and why he ended up in the camp of the enemy."
- "There are moments when hands drop, and there is neither inspiration nor strength."
- "He wants to know why this lady came to you."
And in these sentences, allied words can be replaced by other significant words that confirm the meaning, which cannot be done with unions.
Other features of allied words
The specificity of allied words is also the fact that they make stable pairs with demonstrative words: so - how, there - where, so much - how much, that - which, that - that, that - who, such - which and others. Examples:
- "The only thing that is dear to me is the we alth that is obtained by honest labor."
- "Matryonaknew as many sayings as no one seems to be able to remember.”
- "This is the wonderful man who gave people hope".
Allied words in a complex sentence should not be confused with compound conjunctions. The differences between them can be determined according to the previous scheme. Let's give an example with a pair like this - like:
- Since - a compound union: "Ilya did not utter a word, since he had nothing to say." In this sentence, the union is not a member of the sentence, it does not have a logical stress, it cannot be replaced by an independent word. If it is removed by putting a colon instead, the meaning of the statement will not change: “Ilya did not utter a word: he had nothing to say”.
- So - how to make a pair of an allied word as well as a demonstrative word like this: "I've never had to solve this problem the way I did it today." The allied word like is a pronominal adverb, in a sentence it is a circumstance of the manner of action. It has a logical stress, after it a particle is appropriate, it is it that cannot be removed from the sentence without damage to the meaning. There is also a punctuation difference here: there is no punctuation mark between the parts of the compound union, but there is one between the demonstrative and allied words. Also, the indicative word is not necessarily next to the allied one: "I've never had to solve this problem the way I did today."
We found out what a union word is, how it differs from a union, and how not tomake mistakes in its definition.
