Grammar signs are the components of any part of speech. What are they needed for? Of course, in order to separate one part of speech from another, in order to reveal its individual qualities. So, the grammatical features of a word can be both general and belong to a specific part of speech. Each group of features will be discussed below.
Grammar signs. General provisions
For all parts of speech, there is a certain set of features that can be applied to any word. Such features traditionally include gender (masculine/feminine, common/neuter), number (collective/dual, singular/plural), and person (first/second and third person).
Another common grammatical feature is case. As you know, there are six cases in Russian. Nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. The questions of all cases must be known by heart, since the possession of such information helps not only in determining grammatical features, but also in determining the type of secondary members of the sentence.
Grammatical features of the noun, verb and adjective
So, along with common features, it is possible to single out individual, characteristic only for a particular word - part of speech. Let's start with the verb. This part of speech has the greatest "arsenal". As a rule, they always begin with conjugation. It happens first and second. To determine it, it is enough just to present the verb in the second person and singular, that is, substitute "you". It is worth noting that verbs are conjugated only in the indicative mood, and only the future and present tense, while past tense verbs have only such features as gender and number. The grammatical features of the verb include aspect - perfect / imperfect, mood - conditional / indicative / imperative, tense (only for the second type of mood), as well as number, gender and person. Many also highlight such a sign as pledge (active / passive and others).
The grammatical features of a noun have a much smaller composition. Firstly, this part of speech has a declension, and secondly, it is necessary to define animation, that is, a noun can be both inanimate and animated. Thirdly, the ownership of the name is determined: common or proper.
The grammatical features of an adjective are as small as those of a noun. Such an analysis will require a definition of the category - qualitative / possessive / relative, the degree of consistency with the noun in gender / number / case, andyou also need to determine whether it is a full or short form, and whether there is a degree of comparison (only for adjectives that have a qualitative category).
Thus, the grammatical features of a word help to parse it into small details, to determine the components of a particular part of speech. To do this, you need to know that there is a group of general and individual features that are characteristic of each part of speech separately.
