Sentence is the most significant unit in one of the branches of linguistics - syntax. Syntactic scientists divide all sentences into two types - complex and simple sentences. In complex - at least two grammatical bases are established. For example: Golden autumn has come, and the whole park is dotted with colorful leaves. Where is the first grammatical basis - autumn has come, and the second - dotted with leaves.
A simple sentence is a kind of sentence in which there is no more than one grammatical basis. For example: In a thick milky fog, someone's obscure dark silhouette looms. The grammatical basis here will be - a silhouette looms - one. From the above, we can conclude that a simple sentence differs from a complex one in the number of predicative centers.
The predicative center of a sentence or its grammatical basis is called the subject and the predicate. The subject is one of the main members of the sentence, which contains the meaning of what the author is talking about. It can only answer questions - what? or who? names a subject who performs some action or an object that is also subject to someprocess. More often than other parts of speech, nouns or pronouns take over the function of the subject. The other main member of the sentence is the predicate. He tends to ask questions - what to do? who is doing? (for a verb - in any aspectual, temporary forms and moods, including in an indefinite form). The predicate denotes an action, a process, expresses the state or attribute of an object, a subject - a subject. The most familiar role of the predicate is the verb. Although adjectives often play the same role, especially those in short form.
A simple sentence is classified according to the following points:
- Depending on the purpose for which it is expressed, it can be narrative, motivating or interrogative.
- The intonation with which it is pronounced depends on the type - an exclamatory or non-exclamatory sentence.
- The number of main members determines the two-part or one-part sentence (two-part - has both a subject and a predicate in its presence, one-part - respectively, only one of the main members).
- A simple sentence can be complete or incomplete. A sentence is called complete if it contains all the components necessary for logical completeness. And in an incomplete one, a member is missing (it can be both the main and the secondary member of the sentence). Although the missing unit of speech is easily guessed from the context.
- By the presence of secondary members (definition, addition and circumstance) they distinguishcommon and non-common types of simple sentences. We will call the sentence that contains secondary members (including, of course, the main ones) common, and the one where they are absent (which means that there is only a predicative center)
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simple suggestion is The presence (or absence) of various constructions determines whether a sentence is complicated or not. In a complicated sentence, one can always distinguish all kinds of introductory inserts, separate applications, definitions (agreed and inconsistent); addressing someone, speech turns, explaining and clarifying words, phraseological combinations. And vice versa, in the uncomplicated one - we will not find such plug-in structures.
Simple sentence: analysis example.
Everywhere, on bushes and trees, young green leaves bloom.
Simple sentence, declarative, non-exclamatory, two-part, complete, common, complicated.
