In 1667 ended the military conflict between the Commonwe alth and Russia. The end of any hostilities is accompanied by the signing of a peace treaty. This was signed after the conflict between Poland and Russia in the village of Andrusovo - the modern Smolensk region.
Historical terms of agreement
The Russian-Polish war was the result of a confrontation between two states that had territorial claims to the lands of South-Western Russia. The reason for the start of hostilities was the decision of the Zemsky Sobor on the acceptance of the Cossacks into Russian citizenship - this was repeatedly requested by the hetman and leader of the National Liberation Revolution Bogdan Khmelnitsky.
The beginning of the war was successful for the Russian side, but suddenly Sweden attacks Poland. Under these conditions, the Commonwe alth signs the Vilna truce with Russia. The goal was to make it easier for Poland to defend against Sweden. What did the other party get? Russia got the opportunity to start its campaign against Sweden, which soon happened.
A significant factor in the end of the Russian-Polish war was the death of Bogdan Khmelnitsky. The Hetmanate plunged intoRuin (civil war) - due to the split, one part of the Cossacks went over to the side of the Commonwe alth. In fact, the territory of Ukraine was divided along the Dnieper. The Andrusovo truce in a few years will consolidate the fact of the split.
The conduct of wars on different fronts by the parties to the conflict led to the complete weakening of both Russia and Poland. At the final stage of the war, the Commonwe alth was defeated by Russian troops near Bila Tserkva and Korsun. The fighting faded due to the exhaustion of human and material resources. In this state, the parties approached the signing of a peace treaty.
Reasons for a truce
There are always two reasons for any truce in history: one side is clearly weaker than the other and accepts the conditions of the winner. There is another option - the warring countries are equally exhausted and need a reasonable settlement of the conflict.
What can be called the reasons for signing the Andrusovo truce?
- The war has exhausted itself - there was no more strength and no need to fight.
- The Vilna truce laid the foundation for a future major treaty.
- The Russian-Swedish war began - Russia was uncomfortable fighting on two fronts.
- The desire to take control of the Hetmanate, where a large-scale civil war unfolded.
- Strengthening and activation of a new enemy - the Ottoman Empire.
Signing of the agreement: representatives of the parties
The conclusion of a truce began to be discussed as early as 1666. Many disputes were caused by territorialclaims, resentment for the violated Polyanovsky peace was remembered. Diplomatic battles could last for several more years, but the situation in the Hetmanate changed the situation. Petro Doroshenko, who proclaimed himself the hetman of all Ukraine, accepted the protectorate of Crimea. Thus, Poland was losing the khanate as its ally. In such a situation, Russia was able to strengthen its position in the negotiations.
The treaty was signed on January 30 (February 9), 1667. Russia was represented by the famous diplomat and politician Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin. The Andrusovo truce with the Commonwe alth is his idea. The diplomat insisted on signing an agreement in order to strengthen ties with Poland in order to fight against Sweden and spread Russia's influence throughout Europe. This politician was influential at the court of Alexei Mikhailovich.
The Andrusovo truce, as a significant event in the history of diplomacy of the 17th century, is known thanks to the documents of Ordin-Nashchokin. There are very few documents that could trace the history of the signing of the treaty in detail, and they provide fragmentary information.
The Polish side was represented by Yuri Glebovich - politician, diplomat, statesman. The signing of the Andrusovo truce is also considered his merit, for which he was awarded by the king of the Commonwe alth. Representatives from the Cossacks were not allowed to negotiate the treaty.
Truce terms
After the settlement of all disputed issues, the Andrusovo truce was signed. Partiessigned a contract for thirteen and a half years. This period was allotted for the preparation of the project "Eternal Peace". Basically, the agreement concerned the division of territories and spheres of influence.
Russia, under the terms of the agreement, received control of Chernihiv, Starodubshchina, Seversk land, Left-bank Ukraine. Lithuanian conquests were cancelled. The Andrusovo truce of 1667 guaranteed Poland control over the territories of the Right-Bank Ukraine and Belarus. The joint administration of the two monarchies extended to Zaporozhye. In the event of an attack by the Tatars, the parties to the agreement were to provide military assistance to the Cossacks. Under the terms of the armistice, Kyiv was to remain under Russian control for 2 years.
The agreement regulated the procedure for the return of prisoners after the war, the division of church property. The agreement had clauses regulating economic relations between the countries - one of the articles secured the right to free trade between Russia and the Commonwe alth.
The meaning of making a contract
The Andrusovo truce with Poland is ambiguously assessed by Russian historians. Some call it a forced step, which they took because of the need to end the military conflict. Others note the positive aspects of signing the treaty - rapprochement with Poland, which could become an ally in the fight against the Ottoman Empire. In addition, Russia regained some of the lost lands. Critics of the truce respond to this by saying that they failed to win access to the B altic Sea, which was planned at the beginning of the fighting.action.
Consequences
The treaty is considered a significant step towards the unification of the Slavic peoples, although many foreign policy problems have not been resolved. For the Ukrainian lands, the truce had negative consequences - the split of the territories along the Dnieper was legally fixed. A significant blow was de alt to the Cossacks as a social stratum. The struggle for power in the Hetmanate intensified. Part of the Belarusian lands passed to Poland.
The Andrusovo truce is an important international treaty that marked the end of hostilities, but marked the beginning of some political strife.
