What is psychological and pedagogical support? What are its features? This issue is relevant, therefore, it deserves a detailed study.
Essence and specificity
Under the influence of various adverse conditions, children currently have developmental problems, there are various deviations in physical and mental development, there are serious behavioral disorders.
The social situation has a negative impact on educational institutions. Schools have been given a new task - a humanistic approach to the educational and upbringing process, building innovative forms of education.
In the process of implementing such principles in practice, there is a serious disproportion in the emotional and cognitive development of the child. The contradictions caused serious problems with the education of children, school maladjustment appeared.
Problem Solving
To eliminate it, the joint activity of many specialists is necessary, the use of a complex of social, medical, psychological methods. Full psychological and pedagogical support allowsaddress identified problems, provide children with the necessary support in a timely manner.
History of the creation of domestic complex methods
In our country, social support for a child appeared only at the end of the last century. The term "accompaniment" was first introduced in 1993 by T. Cherednikova. Psychological support in a complex aspect was considered by many domestic scientists and teachers, including L. M. Shipitsyn, I. S. Yakimanskaya.
Signs of anxiety and ways to eliminate them were studied by A. I. Zakharov, Z. Freud. For a long period of time, psychologists have identified the true causes of this phenomenon, trying to find effective ways to fix the problem. Comprehensive support is a set of developmental diagnostics and correctional and developmental programs aimed at eliminating identified problems.
Early accompaniment
In order to fully implement humanistic education in practice, Russian pedagogy began to pay special attention to such an issue as earlier individual support of children. It is aimed at the timely identification of children at risk, gifted children, the selection of their development trajectory for each student.
At the end of the last century, the first Russian conference of school psychologists took place, within the framework of which effective methods of helping special children were analyzed. The complex psychological support under consideration was inextricably linked with the modernization of the educational system, the transition toprinciples of self-development of children.
Thanks to the psychological and medical pedagogical centers, special support services, children and parents received comprehensive assistance. A problem child became an object for the work of doctors, teachers, psychologists.
Modern realities
Currently, comprehensive support is the systematic work of several specialists aimed at eliminating problems in the behavior of an individual student. Excellent integrated systems of psychological and pedagogical support have been formed in many regions of the country, databases have been created, thanks to which special children are tracked when they move from one place of residence to another region of the Russian Federation.
Work efficiency
Given that social support is a system, the results of the work are analyzed in the education system, in medical institutions, and in the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The results of statistical studies show that after the system of measures for the prevention of delinquency was created, the number of repetitions was significantly reduced, the number of offenses decreased, and much fewer children began to show deviant behavior.
Aim of escort
Pedagogical support for children is aimed at creating such social and pedagogical conditions in which any student would have the opportunity to become an active participant in all the events taking place at school. The child gets the opportunity to have his own inner world, develop it, build relationships with other children.
If social support is built taking into account the age characteristics of the child, an educational and educational environment is formed that will contribute to successful learning, the harmonious development of the “difficult” student.
Principles of escort
The main value is attached to the personal choice of the child, the possibility of his self-determination in different life situations.
Thanks to the use of innovative pedagogical technologies, support for the activities of schoolchildren is carried out in direct connection with the parent, teacher, medical workers.
The essence of the work is to give the child himself the key to his communication, activity, psychological secrets. The child develops the skills of setting a specific goal, planning a way to achieve it, a system of values, the ability to analyze their work.
An adult helps the child to choose a subjective, responsible position in relation to the events that surround him.
Activities
Given that support is an important and responsible process, it is impossible without the choice of certain areas of activity. First of all, a reorientation is required, a psychological retraining of the child, a change in existing skills in a positive way.
For example, for this, training programs are carried out, special educational games, during which the childthere is an opportunity to work out theoretical knowledge.
Techniques of this kind are necessary for students to know their own "I", their individual characteristics, as well as in acquiring the skills of introspection, self-improvement.
Game technologies in which children experience difficult situations, learn to get out of them, help to plunge into real life. Students begin to see all the consequences of their actions, realize the wrong behavior, rethink the value system. Understanding how serious the results of wrong actions can be, realizing the reality of loss of loved ones helps to rethink behavioral aspects.
Conclusion
Comprehensive support for schoolchildren is an important aspect of the modern educational system. Taking into account modern realities, there are more and more children with serious deviations in behavior, mental development, they need an individual approach, professional help from specialists.
Currently, new approaches are being developed to build a system of complex methodological work of psychologists and teachers. The essence of such activities is to transfer to schoolchildren techniques that will give them a real opportunity to study successfully, systematize the knowledge gained, and rationally store them in their memory.
Person-centered approach I. S. Yakimanskaya considers the development of a psychological and pedagogical system for the formation of a student's personality as priority needs, the obligatory consideration of hispersonal, individual characteristics.
Such an accompaniment position is based on the interests and needs of an individual child, taking into account the logic of his development.
The concept of psychological and mental he alth of children, proposed by I. V. Dubrovin, considers all the problems related to the formation of personality in a separate educational space as a separate subject of the work of a psychologist.
It is the school that affects the psychological he alth, makes adjustments to the normal development of the child. Priority is given to the prevention of identified problems, including monitoring, correction of the educational space.
Developmental education by D. B. Elkonina is based on the need to design an environment in which the child could not only learn knowledge and skills, but also develop deep personal qualities and human abilities.
It is the school that primarily affects the psychological state of children, so recently such serious attention has been paid to the monitoring of educational institutions. The cooperation of child psychologists with school teachers, parents, and children allows timely identification of various problems, finding rational ways to eliminate them and complete prevention.
