There are two types of word connections in Russian. In one case, words in phrases or complex sentences are grammatically equal. This is a coordinating link.
In some situations, one word may depend on another, and the subordinate clause of a sentence may be subordinate to another, main one. This is a subordination.
What are the characteristics of a subordinating relationship?
Different words and phrases use different types of it. The types of subordination largely depend on what parts of speech the constituent phrases are expressed.
Agreement. With this variety, the dependent word is completely likened to the main word in gender, case, number. (Blue lagoon, walking excavator, to our team).
Most often dependent words in agreement are:
- adjectives,
- participles (both active and passive),
- some pronouns are possessive,demonstrative, attributive, negative),
- ordinal numbers.
The main word must be a noun or any other part of speech that acts as a noun. For example: dear present, the first cosmonaut, recovering patients, written works. Types of subordination in phrases are not limited to agreement only.
Management. The dependent word must be in the main word in the form required by the lexical and grammatical meaning of the main word. In simple terms, the dependent word must be in a certain gender, case or number with the main one. (I remember the past, put it on the table, stand at the table, etc.). Dependent words in this case can be:
- nouns (or other words in their role): look at those sitting, sing a song;
- pronouns: get mad at him;
- some numbers: get angry at both.
An accurate sign of control is the presence of a preposition in the phrase.
Adjunction. In this case, the main and dependent words are connected not by the grammatical form, but exclusively by the lexical meaning. Only invariable parts of speech can adjoin:
- adverb: run fast;
- infinitive: must scatter;
- general participle: walked singing;
- simple comparative adjective: older boys;
- invariable adjectives: khaki.
It is not difficult to figure out what types of subordination take place in a particular phrase ifact with this simplified prompt.
- If the gender, case and number match - agreement.
- If there is an immutable word - adjacency.
- If there is neither one nor the other - management.
In a complex sentence, the types of subordination are also divided into groups:
- Allied subordination. I want it to be warm tomorrow. Relationship is expressed through union.
- Submission is relative. The day came when the chicks flew out of the nest. Submission is carried out with the help of allied words. It should be noted that these types of subordination are very similar.
- Submission is indirect-interrogative. I can't figure out what it was. The main and subordinate parts are connected by adverbs, pronouns (relative and interrogative).
- Submission sequential or inclusion. I know that I will find a job that will help me become richer. The subordinate clauses "cling" sequentially, to each other.
- Submission is mutual. I did not have time to enter, as I was captured by the maelstrom of events. Such a connection is expressed lexico-semantically, and both parts are interdependent.
- · Parallel subordination or subordination. When I approached the window, Marina turned her head to get a better look at me. Clauses obey one word in the main or the entire main.
