In modern pedagogy, two concepts are actively used - "individual educational trajectory" and "personal educational route". These categories are considered as particular and general. Simply put, an individual educational trajectory is specified in the route. The latter, in turn, is more widely used in the system of additional education. The route is considered an important component that determines the success of the work of the personality-developing environment in a pedagogical institution. An individual trajectory is a personal way of realizing the student's potential in the educational process. Consider it in more detail.
Key destinations
As the analysis of psychological and pedagogical publications shows, the organization of an individual educational trajectory haskey in science and practice. It is implemented in the following areas:
- Meaningful - through pedagogical programs.
- Activity - through non-traditional teaching technologies.
- Procedural - defining types of communication, organizational aspect.
Characteristic
An individual educational development trajectory can be considered as a certain sequence of activity components aimed at realizing one's own goals of cognition. At the same time, it must correspond to the capabilities, abilities, motivation, and interests of a person. This activity is carried out with the organizing, coordinating, consulting support of the teacher and in cooperation with parents.
Summarizing this information, we can derive the definition of the category in question. Individual educational trajectories of students are manifestations of the style of activity, depending on motivation, ability to learn and implemented in cooperation with the teacher. Structural elements connect a category with such a concept as a pedagogical program. They allow students to master a specific level of education.
Key aspects
The educational program is seen as:
- Knowledge that allows to implement the principle of personal orientation of the pedagogical process. It is implemented by defining conditions that ensure that students with different needs and abilities achieve the envisaged educational standard.
-
A personal journey created with your personal needs in mind. The definition of the program as an individual trajectory acts as its leading characteristic. This interpretation makes it possible to form a kind of model of ways to achieve the standard in cases where the choice of implementation method depends on the personal characteristics of children.
individual educational trajectory of the student
In a broad sense, ideas of personalization and differentiation are laid in the program. In the first case, the pedagogical process takes into account the personal characteristics of children in all methods and forms of teaching. Differentiation involves grouping students on the basis of highlighting certain features. With this approach, the personal path is a purposeful modeled program. It is focused on creating the necessary conditions for self-expression with the obligatory achievement of established standards.
Principles
To form an individual educational trajectory of a child, it is necessary to implement psychological, pedagogical and subject knowledge and determine specific goals. Several principles operate within this process.
The first is the need to create such a program in which the position of a person receiving knowledge would be clearly manifested. It should begin building an individual educational trajectory, which would take into account its potential, features of the cognitive process, its weaknesses.
The second principle involves the need to correlate conditionsenvironment with advanced human abilities. This principle is expressed in the constant definition of tasks that are adequate to modern conditions and prospects for the development of education. Ignoring this principle can provoke the destruction of the integrity of the entire pedagogical process. Moreover, this can contribute to the fall out of the system of either the personality itself or the values of cognitive activity.
The third fundamental provision reflects the need to bring a person to technology, with the help of which his initiative construction of an individual educational trajectory will be carried out.
Specifics
The individual educational trajectory of the student is built while mastering the methods of activity and knowledge. This process can take place at the level of conscious memory. Outwardly, it manifests itself in close to the original and accurate reproduction of the material. Assimilation can occur at the level of application of methods of activity and knowledge according to a model or in a similar situation. In addition, a creative approach to the process is also used.
Required Capabilities
As studies show, an individual educational trajectory of a student can be successfully completed in all cognitive areas under certain conditions. In particular, opportunities should be provided:
- Determine the meaning of studying disciplines.
- Set your goals when mastering a particular module, course, section, topic.
- Chooseoptimal pace and forms of training according to the level of training.
- Use those methods of cognition that best suit personal characteristics.
- Be aware of the result obtained in the form of formed competencies, etc.
-
Perform evaluation and adjustment of work in accordance with the specifics of the overall course of cognitive activity.
student's individual educational trajectory
Key Ideas
The key feature of the process in which an individual educational trajectory of a student is formed is that the primary role is given to abilities, due to which a person creates new cognitive products. This work is based on the following ideas:
- Any person is able to find, formulate and offer their own solution to a particular, including didactic, task related to their process of learning.
- The individual educational trajectory can only be completed by providing the opportunities indicated above.
- A person is placed in a situation of searching for his own version of solving the problem. In doing so, he uses his creativity.
Summarizing what has been said, we can draw the following conclusion. An individual educational trajectory is formed using a creative approach. In this regard, in the process of its creation, the corresponding patterns operate.
Navigators
Theyrepresent a kind of visual matrix of the cognitive process. At present, especially in the course of improving remote forms of learning, navigators have shown their effectiveness. Without them, an individual educational trajectory is simply unthinkable. In the matrices, by means of symbols, signs, abbreviations, the level of a person's ascent to a cognitive product is noted. Simply put, the navigator is a clear and detailed map. In it, the student easily identifies his position, as well as the tasks that he faces in the near future. The matrix allows you to determine the coordinates of the four-link system "I know - I study - I will study - I know new things." Such a process is presented in the form of a spiral path of ascent to the truth. The components of the matrix are projections, addresses, names, directions of activity on the sheet plane. The work of a student aimed at mastering a discipline, subject, block, course, acquiring knowledge, skills, abilities, professions is depicted as a vector. It logs activity content.
Formation of conditions
Individual educational trajectory is realized with the awareness of the need for independent movement, the formulation of private and general subject problems and tasks related to the acquisition of a speci alty. Productive activity is carried out according to the personal characteristics of each person. A teacher who wants to see and develop the unique personality in each student will have to face the difficult task of teaching everyone differently.
In this regard, the organizationprocess along an individual trajectory will require a special technology for the interaction of all participants. In modern didactics, this problem can be solved in two ways. The most common is the differentiated approach. In accordance with it, when working individually with each student, it is proposed to divide the material according to the level of complexity, focus and other parameters.
As part of the second approach, one's own path is formed in accordance with each area of study. In this case, the student is invited to form his own trajectory. It is worth saying that the second option is almost never used in practice. This is due to the fact that its application requires the simultaneous development and implementation of different models, each of which is unique in its own way and correlates with the personal potential of an individual student.
Conclusions
As part of the educational program, the student must learn to identify his personal steps towards the achievement of knowledge. They can be additionally recorded in the form of various kinds of entries (diaries, for example). This, in turn, will require the student to have a high planning culture and the ability to summarize. As observations show, this activity is quite easily carried out by modern schoolchildren with the help of computer technology. At the same time, the work does not cause any rejection on their part. Formalization and, to a certain extent, detailing of programs and plans using drawings, maps, logical-semantic models, tables, according toin the opinion of the students themselves, make it possible to regulate and clearly see the cognitive strategy and perspective in life. Navigators widely used today are becoming some kind of guides in the world of knowledge.
Conclusion
A paradoxical situation is emerging in modern education. It consists in the fact that the complication of the process is opposed by the emergence of new technologies. Their essence lies in the desire for a certain formalization of the content of the cognitive process through splitting in accordance with the way the computer language is perceived. Apparently, this trend will continue further and may become one of the main directions for improving education or a related aspect. Meanwhile, the idea of creating navigation components in an increasingly complex cognitive process is, of course, a positive thing.
