Thesis is a student's research in writing in the speci alty that he studied during the entire period of study. The work demonstrates the compliance of the theoretical and practical skills acquired during the educational process with the standards adopted in the educational institutions of the country.
University students will learn about what a thesis is and how to write it closer to the graduation year. Although it is worth considering before.
Final work of a specialist
Depending on the specialization of the student, the specialist diploma can take two forms:
- thesis;
- thesis project.
The first is usually performed by students with speci alties in the humanities, social or natural sciences. This type of work is also done by graduates of creative professions in order to sum up the results obtained inthe process of learning the skills necessary for subsequent employment.
The second, in turn, is carried out by future specialists of technical and applied universities. It, unlike the thesis, involves the performance of a large number of calculations confirming the theoretical part, or the provision of a finished project with existing models, plans and drawings.
However, there may be exceptions to this rule. If a graduate of a technical university takes a bias towards the academic study of the subject in the form of theories and formulas, then his research can be done in the form of a thesis. Conversely, a student of the humanities can submit a graduation project, equipped with conducted opinion polls, experiments and other practical types of study of the issue.
Who needs to write a diploma
Students of universities of technical, humanitarian, natural and creative speci alties upon graduation must submit a thesis or project. Otherwise, there is no way for them to successfully graduate from the university and get the desired bachelor's or master's degree.
In turn, medical students don't have to worry about what a thesis is. To obtain a final certificate, it is important for them to satisfactorily pass the exams and pass the qualification accreditation. Only students who plan to study fundamentalmedicine at major universities in the country.
Goals of work
The essence of the thesis is to achieve the following goals:
- order the acquired theoretical and practical skills of the graduate in accordance with the chosen speci alty, consolidate them on the example of the development of a scientific project, expand and systematize the available information on the chosen topic, and also get an idea of new effective research methods;
- gain the skill of doing a lot of work yourself;
- to study the technique of conducting research while making a decision on the issue under consideration in the field of specialization;
- gain knowledge of current experimentation and design techniques available;
- to develop the ability to make independent decisions, defend your point of view and bear responsibility for it.
Working methods
To achieve the intended goals, it is necessary to act in special ways. They are indicated before starting work. This action is necessary for the successful conduct of the study. The means of the thesis work include methods of scientific study of the issue posed as the main topic. For example, in physics, the method of scientific modeling is often used. It consists in transferring a real-life object into an artificially created model. Biology is characterized by the method of biological indication, the essence of which is the constant monitoring of living organisms and the study of their properties and lifestyle.
Together with the special means of the thesis, general scientific methods are used, which are common in the research activities of most existing disciplines. Such methods are empirical and theoretical.
Empirical methods are based on interaction with the subject, focused on the study of the properties and patterns of various phenomena, as well as the relationship between some of them. The theoretical method, in turn, consists in analyzing the data obtained, discovering new patterns, developing hypotheses and models, and confirming one's point of view with scientific facts.
Theoretical working methods
Theoretical methods produce a generalization of the available information. As a result of work with their help, the object of the thesis is systematized. The main theoretical methods include the method of axioms, hypotheses, formalization method, abstraction and methods of general logic. The latter, in turn, include methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction and analogy.
With the help of analysis, you can decompose the available information into components for a detailed study of each of them. Synthesis, on the contrary, connects the constituent elements to obtain one whole picture. Deduction moves from general to particular, induction organizes the reverse process - from particular to general. Analogy finds similarities between similar objects, allowing you to expand the existing knowledge about one of them based on existing identities. The classification method produces the distribution of patterns obtained as a result of comparison, according tosystems.
Empirical working methods
Empirical methods used in the writing of a student's thesis are necessary for the study of practical experiments and their results. On this basis, data are collected, the phenomena that occurred as a result of the experiment are described. These methods include observation, measurement, experiment and qualitative comparison.
Observation is a study with the help of the senses and human activity aimed at the subject. It is considered the basic and simplest method. Observation leads to the receipt of independent information, not based on the mind and desire of the researcher. As a result, information is obtained about the properties and patterns of real phenomena and objects.
With the help of the comparison method, identities are established between observed objects and phenomena, and also reveals differences and common properties between them.
Measurement made with the help of special devices and tools determines the numerical value of the quantity in the desired units of measurement. Using this method, you can get the most accurate information about objects and phenomena.
As a result of the experiment, interference is made in the natural process of phenomena. With its help, you can create the conditions necessary for research and collect information for further work.
Scientific Supervisor
Before starting research, you need to decide on a supervisor who can advise on how to write a thesis. As a curator, one of the teachers of the graduating department, corresponding to the speci alty of the graduate, can be assigned. It can be chosen independently or from the list provided by the university staff.
Undergraduate practice
The next step will be the choice of the topic of the thesis and its approval with the supervisor. This process must be completed before the start of undergraduate practice, where the student is sent with documents signed by the university administration. The scientific supervisor must also provide a list of literature required for study, as well as an internship plan according to which the student will perform the work.
During the undergraduate practice, the student has the opportunity to collect material for research, as well as acquire new skills based on modern methods of work of various organizations. After that, you can proceed to the formation of the thesis.
Sources of information
The first stage of work is to determine the structure, goals and plan of scientific research. The plan is an initial outline of the content of the future thesis, reflecting the main issues and sections.
After the student has become familiar with what a thesis is and what it consists of, it is necessary to select and systematize specialized literature. It should correspond to the problem under consideration, and also be relevant at the time of writing.
According to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated2001, the following periods of obsolescence of scientific literature were established: for the humanitarian, social and economic specialization - up to five years, for the sciences of natural, mathematical and technical areas - up to ten years.
The structure of the thesis
According to the standards for writing a thesis, its content should consist of three parts.
The first chapter (at least two paragraphs) is written based on theoretical information using the methods of analyzing available data and compiling a classification. Definitions of frequently used concepts are given, the subject of research is described, as well as possible ways to solve the problem. This part is written with an indication of the sources of information used.
The second chapter (at least three paragraphs) is the material accumulated during the period of study and practice, as well as an analysis of the question posed. It contains statistical information about the subject of the thesis, a statement of the identified problem and shortcomings in the development in the existing direction.
The third chapter (at least four paragraphs) focuses on the development of methods and means of solving a given problem. This takes into account information from the second part of the thesis, and also suggests possible ways to improve the situation with scientific justification. In this case, theoretical data from the first chapter can be used.
In conclusion, the results of the work done are summarized, a list of references is attached, and a block of applications to the main work is compiled.
Work Standards
For proper registration, universities usually develop methodological recommendations that describe in detail what a thesis is and how it should be structured. They specify the following requirements:
- the volume of the thesis
- structure and number of chapters;
- rules for pagination and attachments;
- technical design regulations;
- passing percentage of anti-plagiarism uniqueness.
Also, the guidelines may contain an example of a title page, review forms, design, bibliography, etc.
Regulations
In addition to the correct content, the student must comply with the rules of the technical regulations for the design and compliance of the thesis with GOST. Verification will be carried out in accordance with the standards adopted by the educational institution and in accordance with the information provided in the guidelines.
Requirements for the design of the thesis, adopted in most universities, are as follows:
- Volume of 60 pages or more, while title pages, appendices and list of references are not taken into account.
- The number of sources used must be at least 30, and all of them must meet the requirements of relevance. The list of references must also be drawn up in accordance with the rules of GOST.
- Times New Roman common font, 14 size, black.
- Margins - 3 cm left, 2 cm top and bottom, at least 1 cmright.
- Single-sided printing.
Thus, the development of a thesis can take a lot of time and effort. But with a serious approach to its high quality, as a result, you can get the knowledge and skills necessary for further professional activity.
