At school, as well as at a university, the entire educational process must be confirmed by certain documents. In this article I would like to talk about one of them. It will be about what the curriculum is.
Definition of concept
First of all, you need to define the concepts that will be used in this article. The main one is the curriculum. Needless to say, this is an official document. Its purpose: to determine the number of subjects, as well as the hours allotted for their study. Also, the curriculum will spell out the arrangement of hours by week, the breakdown of these hours into various types of classes (for universities): lectures, seminars, laboratory work. An important point: the curriculum is compiled and approved by the Ministry of Education.
Filling
So, it is also worth considering in more detail what the curriculum is filled with.
- This document determines the length of time (year, semester) allotted for the study of this subject. Vacation days are also prescribed.
- The outline contains a complete list of subjects to be read to students.
- Each item willhave your own breakdown into hours (their total number; hours allotted for lectures, seminars, laboratory work).
- Official moments: name of the course, indication of speci alty codes, signatures of officials who certify the document.
Nuances
It is worth remembering that the curriculum is compiled once every 5 years. He requires changes only if adjustments have been made either by the Ministry of Education or by the department itself. Every year, a working curriculum should be drawn up, which will provide more detailed information about a particular subject.
Top recommendations
It is worth saying that all curricula and programs must be drawn up in accordance with the principles prescribed by the Ministry of Education. So, when compiling them, you need to adhere to the following points:
- The curriculum must be drawn up in accordance with the following documents: GOS VPO and OOP (these are educational standards that are official documents).
- All disciplines of speci alties should not exceed the volume that was regulated by the educational standard.
- All individual student work - laboratory, coursework, graphic work, abstracts, as well as attestation moments (exams or tests) - are included in the general hours allotted for the study of a particular subject.
- Some points educational institution can change at its discretion. However, federal disciplines always remain unchanged. For example, the number of hours devoted to physicalculture - all the time.
Features
When compiling the curriculum (2014-2015) for universities, it is worth remembering that the number of disciplines that a student must pass during the year should not exceed 10 exams and 12 credits. You also need to take into account that the department can change some points at its discretion:
- Regulate the amount of hours allotted for the study of a particular subject (mandatory within 5-10%).
- Independently form the cycles of the plan, while leaving the cycle of normative disciplines partially intact (this will include history, philosophy and other compulsory subjects intended for study by all students, regardless of speci alty).
- Each teacher can create author's programs of readable disciplines, while recommending a certain number of hours for their study (the department must take these recommendations into account).
- The division of hours into the study of one or another subject from the cycle of disciplines specialized for a particular department is at the discretion of the administration of the department, but it is obligatory in sufficient quantity for a full study of the subject.
Custom plan
Another very important document is the individual curriculum. It is compiled for a specific student who studies according to a special, individual system. For schoolchildren, this is possible due to illness, while the student (s) can either work or be on maternity leave.
Principles
It is worth saying that the individual curriculum must necessarily implement the following principles:
- It is compiled on the basis of a general education program, which must be completed by the student without fail.
- In the individual curriculum, changes are allowed relative to the curriculum, but within 5-10%.
- It is possible to make changes to the plan only in the third section (disciplines in the speci alty), changes are not possible with respect to normative disciplines.
Both a regular curriculum and an individual curriculum are sealed with a set of signatures and a mandatory wet seal. Only in this case, the curriculum is considered an official document, according to which the learning process can be conducted.
Basic Curriculum
It is also worth mentioning that the work plan for the academic year should be drawn up not only for students of higher educational institutions, but also for schoolchildren. So, it is worth understanding such a thing as a basic curriculum. This document is also being developed on the basis of the federal standard. It proposes an annual distribution of hours for the study of all school subjects. Features: it is worth remembering that the federal basic plan for elementary school students (grades 1-4) is drawn up for 4 years of study, for students in grades 5-11 - for five years.
Distribution of federal plan components
It should be said that the school curriculum should be distributedaccording to certain rules. So, the federal component will contain approximately 75% of all subjects, the regional component - necessarily at least 10%, the educational institution component - also at least 10%.
- Federal component. It contains all the disciplines required for schoolchildren to study, prescribed by the Ministry of Education.
- Regional (or national-regional) component. This section can study subjects that are important for a particular region, but not for schoolchildren throughout the country. Example: mother tongue of certain nationalities.
- The educational institution component can deepen the study of certain subjects. Example: a school with in-depth study of foreign languages gives a few extra hours to study these subjects.
In the final 11th grade, extra hours will help to stand out for pre-profile training of students.
Structure
Well, at the very end, I would like to consider a little the structure of the curriculum (that is, those items that must be present there).
- Title page. However, this is not a separate sheet, as in a term paper or essay. This is the so-called "anatomist" of the educational institution. The name of the school or university, department, speci alty (with codes), etc. should be indicated here.
- Next item: a summary of the time budget (by week). Here the time allotted for training, tests and exams, vacation time is signed.
- The plan of the educational process, wherethe distribution of hours by subject is prescribed.
- Special point: practice (industrial, undergraduate (for university students)).
- A separate item is state certification.
- A block of signatures that are sealed with a wet seal.
All of these items are mandatory when drawing up curricula. The structure of the curriculum is not subject to change and cannot be adjusted at its discretion.
