Stress is the selection of any component of speech by acoustic methods.
Stress of a word or word stress is the selection of one syllable in a word. Stress in Russian is forceful, that is, the stressed syllable is pronounced with greater sound power. It is also not subject to reduction, that is, it is pronounced without noticeable changes in its sound characteristics, unlike unstressed sounds.
Besides verbal, there is also logical stress. This is a rise in tone that emphasizes the main word or group of words in a sentence, that is, it no longer refers to a single word, but to a phrase or sentence. It places emphasis and reflects the purpose of the statement, the main idea of the sentence. So, if in the sentence "Tanya eats soup" the logical emphasis is placed on the word "Tanya", then we are talking about Tanya, and not about Masha or Katya. If the stress word is "eats", then it matters to the speaker that she eats him, and does not s alt or stir. And if the word "soup" is under stress, then it is important that this is soup, and not a cutlet or pasta.
Logical and grammatical pauses
Logical stress is closely related to logical and grammatical pauses. in sound andIn written speech, each phrase is divided into semantic parts, each of which includes several words or just one. Such semantic groups in a sentence are called speech units, measures or syntagmas. In sounding speech, syntagmas are separated from each other by logical pauses - stops, the duration and fullness of which can be different. Each individual syntagma is inseparable in itself: there are no pauses in its composition. There are also grammatical pauses, which in the written text are indicated by commas, periods and other punctuation marks. Where there is a grammatical pause, there is always a logical one, but not every logical pause is indicated by a punctuation mark.
There are also psychological pauses, which are indicated by ellipsis in writing.
Logical pause can be connecting and separating. The connecting pause marks the boundaries between syntagmas within a sentence or between parts of a complex sentence; it is short. The separating pause is longer. It is done between separate sentences, as well as plot or semantic compositional parts of the text.
The main word or group of words in a sentence can be highlighted with a logical pause before or after this word. There may be two pauses at once, which "frame" the highlighted word.
Intonation and logical stress
In oral speech there is a tonal stress -rise or fall in tone. Changing its height not only indicates the main words or combinations of words in sounding speech, but also makes speech more diverse, intelligible and pleasant to hear. Without the necessary change in intonation, speech, even provided with the necessary pauses, becomes monotonous, slurred and soporific. If the logical stress conveys the meaning of the statement, then the tonal stress holds the attention of the listeners.
