Basic national values are a set of spiritual ideals inherent in a certain ethnic community, which reflect its historical identity and unique specificity. Often they also determine the behavior of people at the social and normative-cultural level. However, national values perform many functions. But first things first.
About the concept
The formation of such spiritual ideals as basic national values took place in the course of the historical development of the society's culture, in accordance with the geopolitical position of the state.
The main feature is that these attitudes express the identity and originality of the Russian people, as well as their way of life, traditions, customs and essential needs. In other words, the basic national values are the core of the spiritual life of our society, the synthesis of its best qualities and traits.
Often they determine the position of a citizen, form an attitude towards the state, as well as towards its past, present and future. Often a person's awareness of spiritualideals and an indifferent attitude towards them helps him realize his responsibility for the preservation and subsequent increase of the national heritage.
A bit of history
The basic national values of Russian society, as a category, began to take shape in the early 90s of the last century. This fact is easy to remember, since this process almost coincided with the assertion of the Russian Federation as a sovereign state.
It was also accompanied by intense scientific debate. Which concerned the application of the concept of "national interests" in the conditions of our ethnically rich state.
In 1992 there was some certainty. The law "On Security" was adopted, and it was in this document that the emphasis was placed on the value of the vital interests of the individual, as well as the state and the whole society. This wording was very convenient. After all, with its help, the problem of national interests was correctly bypassed, but at the same time, a special, documented place was given to values.
But four years later, in 1996, in the Address to the nat. security of the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly received a different, more specific wording. In which the term "national interests" was fixed normatively. And it was interpreted not only as a base laid in the basis of the formation of the tasks of the foreign and domestic policy of the state. From that moment on, this concept began to denote the vital interests of the individual and the whole society. Their deployed system is indicated in the Concept of nat. security of the Russian Federation from 1997. In 2000 the document wassupplemented with information on the interpretation of national interests in the field of border policy.
Turning to the Constitution
The basic national values of our people are defined by the main state document. After reviewing the Constitution, six main spiritual ideals can be identified.
The first is the assertion of freedoms and human rights, as well as civil peace and harmony. This value is not only indicated in the preamble. It can be said that it runs like a leitmotif through the entire text of the Constitution. And in the second article, the highest state values are listed at all. These include a person, his freedoms and rights.
The list, which outlines the basic national values of Russia, also includes self-determination and equality of peoples, faith in justice and kindness, as well as the memory of ancestors that gave us respect and love for the Fatherland.
The third spiritual ideal is the invincibility of democracy and sovereign statehood. It is customary to attribute the prosperity and well-being of our Fatherland to the fourth value. And to the fifth - responsibility for it. The last setting included in the list of values is the awareness of a citizen as part of the world community.
In addition to the above, the safety of people, their well-being and dignity are highly valued. It is also worth emphasizing the importance of such concepts as justice, morality, patriotism, humanity, citizenship and legality.
All this is the basic national values of the Russiansociety. Which are traditionally perceived as a life guide for the citizens of our country, and even to some extent as a worldview.
Political sphere
The system of basic national values is of great national importance. It is the fundamental basis of the policy. And it provides an understanding of the main guidelines for the development of the entire nation as a whole. Without this, strengthening the power of the people is impossible.
It is important to note that the category of national interests by its nature is not ethnic, but state-political and socio-historical. There is an explanation for this.
The point is that a nation is a political community of citizens of a particular country. Who live on its territory and identify themselves with it, regardless of their ethnic origin. A nation expresses the economic and cultural-historical community of the peoples that form it. And it also implies the preservation of the language of interethnic communication, the established way of life and traditions. All of the above also applies to our country, despite the diversity of peoples living on its territory.
National interests intersect with the vital needs of society and the strategic goals of the nation, which are implemented in public policy. These are the realities of today. This is how the government contributes to the good of the nation-state. In politics, these interests and values are determined by the need for the survival, development of the country, as well as the increase of national power.
Shaping values
Well, what is the designated concept in the political sphere is clear. Now it is worth turning to such a topic as the formation of basic national values.
It should start with the fact that spiritual and moral development and education today is carried out not only in the family, but also at school. The program according to which it takes place is developed taking into account the historical, cultural, aesthetic, demographic, as well as social and economic characteristics of the region. The requests of families and other subjects of the educational process are also taken into account.
Naturally, this educational aspect is stipulated in the Federal State Educational Standard. Basic national values are instilled in students at the first stage of education. Which is the most important in the entire educational period of a person. It is at this stage that children become familiar with Russian basic values, begin to realize the importance of the family, as well as belonging to a certain social, confessional and ethnic group.
But that's not all. It is important to remember that the upbringing of basic national values should form in the child not only love for the Fatherland, but also respect for the historical and cultural heritage of their country and people. Often this contributes to the development of students' creative abilities, makes them want to engage in a certain type of activity. Many cases are known when people began their journey to music, having been inspired in childhood by the work of Tchaikovsky. Inspired many girls to ballet classesthe legendary Maya Plisetskaya, and the paintings of talented Russian artists made children want to learn to draw just as beautifully. Unfortunately, in the age of advanced technology, modern children are not as interested in art, creativity and national heritage as they used to be. And that is why the basic national values, spiritual and moral education and the inculcation of cultural and historical education are even more important.
Educational landmarks
In continuation of the theme of the formation of national values, it is necessary to pay special attention to the importance of the teacher in this process. Its main task is to arouse the interest of students in everything previously listed. Children who are passionate about the topic will much faster understand what patriotism, freedom, human duties, and citizenship are.
The teacher should be able to explain to them what each basic national value is. Work and creativity, he alth and family, law and honor, mercy and kindness… the essence of these and many other concepts should be conveyed to students.
It is also important to explain to students the traditions that reflect the continuity of the social experience of the Russian people through upbringing, education and self-knowledge. It is they who help to expand knowledge about their people. After all, most of the holidays, ideals, rituals, rituals and customs are purely national in nature. Having studied the history of their origin, it is possible to realize the uniqueness and versatility of the Russian people.
Functions of national values
Themshould also be noted. As mentioned earlier, values have many functions. But if we talk about the educational sphere, then only a few of the most important stand out.
Basic national values in creativity are what unite all ethnic groups living on the territory of the Russian Federation on high moral foundations. They combine everything past, present and future of our people, and also orient students towards professional self-determination.
Raising children with regard to national values implies a specially organized process of becoming a citizen of the Russian Federation. Which helps students to form their own personality. In turn, a teacher involved in the national education of children should rely on their best practices, constructed on the basis of scientific and empirical knowledge.
About patriotism
In the process of forming national values, each student must be helped to realize that he is a part of his people and nation. Where is the patriotism? Despite the fact that he is a huge spiritual force that can strengthen the energy of each individual and unite him with the aspirations of the entire state and people.
But patriotism should not be blind. This is also important to convey to students. People are not born patriots, but they can become one. After they discover the truth about their people, they are convinced of the inexhaustible possibilities of the nation, they will study history and the heroic past. All of the above helps to understandwhat lies in such a concept as a nation. And this is primarily a spirit. And an understanding of one's own purpose and role in history. It is on the basis of national traditions that spirituality develops.
That is why the patriotic education of the individual is extremely important. And this means not only instilling love for the Fatherland. Of great importance is respect for one's region, city, language. Moreover, love and reverence for one's small Motherland is more valuable and sublime than the same thing that concerns the entire Fatherland as a whole.
A matter of identity
Education with national values is important, but the diversity of perceptions and interests leads to a wide range of assessments. What is important to one member of society may not matter to another. This must be remembered.
And taking into account this feature, a system of values is being formed in society, which can be called a compromise. A striking example is the subject of religious studies in schools of different confessional regions. Within the framework of which not only Christianity is studied, but also Islam and other religions. In this case, the interests of Orthodox students and Muslims are taken into account. This is an excellent example of a set of certain moral norms. Which contributes to the formation of the inner core of the culture of society.
Morals
Well, as one could understand, national values are very diverse. And in this connection it is impossible not to mentiontheme of tolerance. Given the diversity of intercultural interaction, it is very important to instill in each growing member of society tolerance for other values, lifestyles, traditions and behavior. Students, on the basis of their "native" values, must master the basics of ethnic culture in the complex of its varieties. And one cannot but rejoice that today, due to the practice-oriented educational process, this is possible. The level of ethno-cultural knowledge of modern pupils and students is significantly increasing. Our reality allows us to verify this.
And, by the way, a considerable number of children, adolescents and young men are interested in this topic. There is an annual All-Russian competition "Basic National Values in Creativity", in which representatives of the younger generation from all regions of our country take part with pleasure. And this gives hope that over time there will be more educated and deeply moral people in society. In fact, this is what the modern education system is aimed at.
