Pedagogical diagnostics is an obligatory component of the educational and upbringing process. It allows you to determine the level of achievement of the goals set by teachers. It is difficult to talk about effective management of the didactic process without such studies.
Features of the term
Diagnostics of pedagogical work is a special type of activity, which is the management and analysis of signs that analyze the state and results of the learning process. It makes it possible, on the basis of the data obtained, to make forecasts of permissible deviations, to identify ways to prevent them, to correct the process of education and training, and to improve their quality.
The essence of the concept
Pedagogical diagnostics is not limited to checking the universal learning skills of schoolchildren. The study involves control, evaluation, verification, accumulation of statistical information, study of results, identification of the dynamics of the didactic process, and so on.
Pedagogical diagnostics at school allows you to create feedback inpedagogical activity.
Purpose
In science, there are several functions of diagnostics carried out in educational institutions:
- control and correction part is to receive and correct the educational process;
- prognostic role involves prediction, prediction of changes in the development of students;
- educational function is the socialization of schoolchildren, the formation of an active citizenship in them.
Item
Pedagogical diagnostics concerns three areas:
- Academic achievements of schoolchildren;
- social, moral, emotional qualities of the individual and cool teams;
- the results of the pedagogical process in the form of neoplasms and psychological qualities of students.
The degree of social development, the level of UUN is subject to periodic research, analysis.
Control options
The tasks of pedagogical diagnostics include the collection of information about the family, physical he alth, features of thinking, memory, imagination, attention of the student. During the survey, the psychologist reveals the emotional and volitional qualities of each student, his motivational needs, relationships with other members of the class team.
Different types of pedagogical diagnostics (questionnaires, conversations, analysis of documents, observation) allow teachers to create a single picture about the student, create an individual educational andeducational development trajectory.
Department
Conducting pedagogical diagnostics is associated with the use of a system of operations and actions to assess the assimilation of skills, knowledge, and practical skills by schoolchildren. Control guarantees the establishment of feedback in the learning process, its result is the receipt of information about the effectiveness of learning.
The teacher finds out the level and amount of knowledge acquired by the student, his readiness for independent activity.
Without periodic verification of the formation of UUN, the educational process will not be effective and efficient.
Pedagogical diagnostics involves several control options:
- periodic;
- current;
- final;
- thematic;
- preliminary;
- delayed.
Let's analyze the distinctive features of each of them. Preliminary control is carried out in order to identify the initial skills, abilities, knowledge of schoolchildren. A similar check is carried out in September or before the start of studying a new topic within a certain academic discipline.
The pedagogical process involves ongoing checks that allow teachers to identify the level of UUN formation, their completeness and quality. It consists in the systematic observation of the teacher over the activities of the children at all stages of the educational process.
Periodic control allows you to sum up the results for a specific time period, for example, for a quarter or half a year.
The development of pedagogical diagnostics is inextricably linked with thematic control. For example, after studying a section, a topic, the teacher offers his pupils various tasks. They allow teachers to determine the degree to which children have mastered a particular scientific material.
Final work covers the entire system of skills, abilities, knowledge of schoolchildren.
Delayed control involves the identification of residual knowledge after some time after studying the course, section. After 3-6 months, the children are offered test tasks, the effectiveness of which is a direct confirmation of high-quality training.
Control Forms
Such methods of pedagogical diagnostics are divided into groups:
- front;
- group;
- customized.
Control methods are methods by which the effectiveness of all types of student activities is determined, the level of teacher qualification is assessed.
In Russian schools, methods of written, oral, machine, practical control and self-control are used in different combinations.
Oral control helps to reveal the knowledge of students, helps the teacher to analyze the logic of presentation of educational material by students. In an oral response, the child's ability to apply theoretical knowledge to explain events and processes, prove their own point of view, and refute incorrect information is assessed.
Written control
It is associated with the performance of written tasks: essays, tests, exercises, creative reports. This method of control is aimed at simultaneously testing the knowledge of trainees. Among its shortcomings, we note the significant time spent by the teacher on checking work, compiling a complete report on the level of formation of UUN among schoolchildren.
Practical control
This form of diagnostics is used by teachers of chemistry, physics, biology, geography. When performing laboratory experiments and practical tasks, the guys use the theoretical base obtained during the lectures. The teacher analyzes the formation of skills and abilities, if necessary, corrects them.
Pedagogical testing differs from traditional control options in differentiation, efficiency, objectivity.
Types of diagnostics
Preliminary analysis is aimed at identifying the level of development, assessing the skills of students. Such diagnostics are carried out at the beginning of the academic year, aimed at identifying knowledge of the main elements of the course, which is relevant for newly created educational teams. Based on the results of the preliminary check, the teacher plans the upcoming work, selects teaching methods and techniques.
The main functions of preliminary diagnostics are: control and correction.
The teacher carries out the current diagnostics in everyday educational work during classes. It allows you to assess the leveleducation of schoolchildren, gives the teacher the opportunity to quickly respond to the current situation, select innovative forms of activity. Its main purpose is to stimulate the independent activity of students.
After the transition of Russian education to new federal standards, the function of final control began to be performed by the state final certification of graduates:
- USE for senior students;
- OGE for ninth grade graduates.
Such a diagnosis is aimed at determining the level of education of graduates. The results testify to the completeness of the implementation of the state educational standard by the institution.
Distinguishing Features
According to the number and nature of questions, frontal, individual, combined, group diagnostics are distinguished. The frontal option involves the teacher asking questions that allow you to check an insignificant amount of material. The teacher offers questions, the whole class takes part in their discussion, the guys give short answers from the spot. This form of work is appropriate for checking homework, consolidating new material.
Its variety is a comprehensive test that diagnoses the ability of students to use the knowledge and skills acquired in the study of various academic disciplines.
Individual diagnostics is aimed at testing the skills, knowledge and skills of individual students. In its course, the teacher takes into account awareness, thoroughness, logic of the answer, the ability to process theoretical material, useknowledge in specific situations. To do this, the teacher and other students ask the student leading and additional questions.
Combined form consists in combination with group, individual, frontal forms of diagnosis. The peculiarity of such a test is that in a short time period the teacher manages to test the skills and abilities of a large number of students.
Diagnostic Methods
They are methods of activity that allow you to provide feedback during the learning process, to receive detailed information about the effectiveness of learning activities.
They must meet certain measurement quality criteria:
- objectivity, which consists in the conditions and results of measurements, regardless of the characteristics of the inspector;
- validity, allowing you to check the level of formation of skills and abilities;
- reliability, which determines the possibility of repeatability under equal conditions;
- representativeness, which implies the possibility of a comprehensive check, obtaining an objective picture of the level of schoolchildren's education.
Conclusion
Modern pedagogy uses various methods of diagnosing the level of learning. The simplest of these methods is observation. It consists in direct perception, registration of certain facts. As the teacher observes the students, he forms a complete picture of the attitude of the wards to the educational process, the degree of independence, the levelcognitive activity, feasibility and accessibility of educational material.
Without this type of diagnostics, it is impossible to draw up a complete picture of the attitude of schoolchildren to classes, the feasibility of educational material. The results of observations are not recorded in the documents, they are taken into account in the final mark of students. But they are not enough to get an objective picture of the level of education of schoolchildren.
That is why in the pedagogical diagnostics used in secondary schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, combined types of research are carried out. For example, when children move from elementary school to secondary school, a psychologist analyzes their adaptation to new conditions using special diagnostic tests.
Different types of studying the individual abilities of schoolchildren make it possible to identify gifted and talented children, to create individual educational trajectories for them.
