It so happened that in the modern world the concepts of native and national languages are mixed. There is practically an equal sign between them, which, in fact, is completely wrong.
Difference between national and mother tongue
For example, consider the following situation: a person from Russia emigrated to the United States and eventually became a citizen. Since then, his national language is English. Does that make him family? Of course not.
Wherever a person is, only the set of lexemes on which he thinks, which he literally absorbed with his mother's milk, will be native to him.
National language concept
There are other difficulties in this matter. For example, many linguists equate it with the official language of the country, which is not always legal. By and large, the national language is a certain language of the people, which may not coincide with the language of the documentation of a particular country.
A typical example is the languages of the Indians living in America on reservations. English will be considered their official language, but this is notnegates the fact that these groups have their own national language.
Another example is the eastern part of Ukraine, which for the most part consists of Russian immigrants. At the legislative level, Ukrainian is considered official for them. Almost the entire population of this territory is fluent in it, however, the national language for them is Russian.
Literature connection
Another cornerstone in this matter is considered to be the identification of the national language with the literary one. Of course, it will be fundamentally wrong, since these phenomena are very distinctive and exist, although in connection with each other, but rather in a situation of interaction than coincidence.
Do not forget that language is, first of all, a system of signs. This applies to any of its manifestations, whether it be an adverb, dialect or literary language. All of them form a number of systems, the elements of which may coincide, or may differ radically.
Thus, words related to the literary language can also refer to the national language, while the reverse situation is simply impossible.
Great and mighty
As mentioned earlier, the national Russian language does not have to operate exclusively on the territory of Russia. In this case, the determining factor is not legislation, but the mentality of the people, their self-determination and attitude.
By and large, a person comprehends the environment through the prism of language. Certain lexemes cause usin the mind of association with a specific image, which, in turn, is associated with a particular reality. The national language in this case plays an extremely important role, since it determines the commonality of concepts perceived by representatives of the same people. So, accordingly, the national Russian language gives each of its speakers a certain, different from any other picture of the world and being in general.
Russian people
A little earlier, an example was given of Indians living in the United States, but retaining their own national language. Someone can say that the situation is exactly the same on the territory of Russia, where a huge number of nationalities live, and the remark will, in essence, be legitimate.
In this case, the key issue is the self-determination of these nationalities - they all identify themselves as Russians to one degree or another. Thus, it can be argued that for a certain part, the national language, the state language and Russian are identical phenomena.
Forms of Existence
It is quite natural that such a broad, almost comprehensive concept, as the language of the people, simply cannot be limited to any specific framework. Earlier it was said that the literary language is a related concept that enters into interaction, but not identical. Everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance.
The national language, the forms of existence of which can be very different, is practically unlimited in terms of educationword forms and areas of use. Literary is the pinnacle of the language of the people. This is the most normalized, filigree part of it.
Nevertheless, there are other areas of existence that simply cannot be abandoned. Millions of philologists around the world are continuously studying the national language, forms of existence and its development.
For example, one of these forms can easily be called territorial dialects, which have nothing in common with the literary language. At the same time, dialectisms can be very different: lexical, syntactic and even phonetic, by which one should understand the difference in the pronunciation of words.
Another full-fledged form of existence of the national language can safely be called urban vernacular. They can be expressed both in the incorrect formation of declension paradigms, and in the banal arrangement of stresses. In addition, a common occurrence in this case is the incorrect use of the gender category. This also includes the "lodges" that are so common today instead of "luggage".
Finally, professional and social-group jargons easily fit into the concept of the national language.
Paths of becoming
Of course, such a complex, multi-level system simply cannot arise from scratch. The English national language, which operates not only in Great Britain, but also in the USA, Canada, like any other, and even more so Russian, gradually became such.
In our case, the process of formation began in the 17th century, whenfinally formed our Russian nation.
The process of language development is completely continuous, every day more and more new words appear in it, which eventually enter the lexical system completely and no longer cause misunderstanding or surprise. For example, no one today can be surprised by words like "school", "audience" or "lawyer" - the meaning of each is quite obvious. Moreover, lexemes seem to us primordially Russian, while initially they were the property of Latin.
The process of formation and development of the national language is completely inextricably linked with the people themselves, who create it, supplement it and enrich it day by day. Some words are gradually falling out of use, being replaced by others, or completely forgotten due to the lack of realities that mean.
Over time, the stress in a word can change, and even its semantics - from adjacent to opposite. Nevertheless, the national language of the Russian people always remains so, uniting in itself that very soul - common to all, single and inseparable. He not only allows us to see the world in our own way, but also creates it for us all.
