The educator who forms the child's self-awareness by freeing the child's "I" from internal shackles will achieve significant success much faster than the teacher who only dictates to the child strict rules that must be unconditionally observed and followed. Children see a huge difference between such adults, as if between an angel and a demon. That is why it is necessary to thoroughly approach personality-oriented education in primary school and preschool age. What kind of education is this and what are its tasks?
How to decipher the term?
In short, student-centered parenting is a method aimed at shaping a child's personality at an early age. Most people are accustomed to the fact that Russian pedagogy has always adhered to a moderate position on this issue. Not worth it tootreat the child gently, encouraging him for the most insignificant achievements, but you don’t need to be a tyrant who scolds or even beats the baby for a small offense.
Such an approach justified itself only up to a certain time, while young people really felt that democracy has real power over everything that happens, and money is only a resource for achieving material goals. However, in a crisis, everything becomes exactly the opposite. It's hard to admit, but the world has come to be ruled by those with more money. Therefore, it is necessary to work out a new, more effective method of education.
Of course, we should not forget that the effectiveness of the pedagogical process in many cases will be strictly individual. Some children are easier to educate, so it will be easier to find a common language with them. However, even in the most difficult character, you can find a loophole that will allow you to form the correct self-awareness of the child. The only question is how quickly the teacher can achieve the location of the baby.
The problem of modern education
A nursery, a kindergarten, a school with an extended school day - people send their children to such municipal institutions almost from birth and do not even think about how effective the pedagogical methods that they use are. In most cases, in such places there is one and the same problem - authoritarianism, i.e. the power of the educator or teacher over the children.
The problem of modern educationis that teachers do not even try to get in touch with the child. They only try to maintain their authority, which allows them to engage in the education of children according to the same scheme: "Got the task? Then do the work!" - and no rewards for the work done, no equality in communication. It is precisely because of the tough upbringing policy that most children then become simply unadapted to life.
From an early age, a child may have disrespect for adults, although the value bases of personality-oriented education in schools and kindergartens are aimed at the opposite. It turns out that the technique does not work? As a rule, it is. Only a small handful of children, who have had time to instill basic life values at home, obey the teacher, not because they are afraid of him, but out of respect for the older person.
The right approach to parenting
Student-centered approach in educating students is of great importance. Every novice teacher must understand that in order to program a child for self-awareness and personal freedom, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the baby's psyche. Of course, to find a personal approach to each student, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. However, only in this case, education will be really effective.
Fortunately, most young teachers today are beginning to gradually push out of the educational mechanism the prevailing stereotypes that the teacher is always right, that the child has nothe right to argue with him and so on. Slowly and gradually, the words "I must" in the mind of the child are replaced by "I want." Perhaps the old pedagogical habits that have been passed down from generation to generation since the days of the USSR were intimidating, but certainly not effective.
It is also worth saying a few words about the fact that the theory of personality-oriented education is that the child is the highest value, which is placed above the educational process itself. This contradicts the very ideology of that pedagogy, where the teacher was almost a deity for the students. Treating the child as a full participant in the relationship increases his self-esteem and dignity.
Tasks of student-centered education
To better understand what the essence of the modern pedagogical approach is, it is necessary to look at its main tasks. In addition, such actions will allow them to be compared with the goals of the old pedagogy in order to identify which system is still the most effective. So, here are just the main tasks pursued by modern educational methods:
- formation of a child's own self-awareness;
- promoting moral values;
- preserving and protecting democratic principles and equality.
As you can see, the goals of student-centered pedagogy will help develop a child's thinking, increase internal self-esteem, and also understand what the significance of one's own "I" is. However, adherents of the old methods of educationthey mistakenly believe that the technique brings up only egoists who do not care about the opinions of their elders and others. This, of course, is not the case, since the core values that are instilled in the child are based on equality.
What did the old pedagogical system give children? Almost nothing good. From childhood, a child felt his inferiority, because he stands one step below any adult. The opinion put forward by the teacher became the only correct one for all the children, since there was no way to challenge it. Such a technique can be compared to a dictatorship in which there can never be any talk of equality.
Why stick with the new system?
The value basis of personality-oriented education is equality. Even at the initial stages, the child will feel on the same level with the teacher, which will allow him to form adult thinking much faster. Such children usually achieve success in life much faster than most modern adults. It is not uncommon for a kid at the age of 7-8 to be creative at a professional level and gain fame.
If we talk about a student-centered approach in physical education, then it also has great effectiveness. Just remember the Soviet school. Each child was forced to run several kilometers of cross-country, even though some students are too fat and cannot do it. The teacher then repeated: "You need to run in order tolose weight!" And if the child was satisfied with his build? The opinion of the teacher was above all.
What does the modern system of physical education offer? Each child is assigned individual tasks based on the qualities that he owns. What is the point of forcing a fragile girl to throw a grenade at a great distance when her main quality is excellent flexibility and plasticity? Or why should a guy be taught aerobics if he is a good long jumper with a running start. Therefore, each child should have a personal approach and assessment of his abilities.
Proper inculcation of cultural values
According to one of the authors of personality-oriented education E. V. Bondarevskaya, the foundation of modern pedagogical methods should be based on the cultural values of their country and small homeland. If a child is not forced to act, but is shown by examples that adults who have become famous artists or heroes do this, then the child will independently come to an understanding of certain values.
Do not forget that a person's self-formed worldview is more correct than the one that was imposed by the teacher for several years. How to let the child understand what is good and what is bad? It will be enough to visit various cultural exhibitions, art galleries, museums and other institutions with the class, which, by example, show exactly how a person who wants to succeed in life should behave.
However, the formation of the internalself-awareness should be based on the individual characteristics of the child's psyche. Many teachers begin to take children to museums of military glory even in the first grade of a school institution, when the kids have not even begun to study history and do not understand what war is. It would be much more effective to send children to some cultural ensemble for the smallest.
Meeting the unique interests of the child
The very essence of a child-centered upbringing lies in the recognition of his uniqueness compared to other children. It is necessary not only to notice what interests children have, but also to satisfy them whenever possible. If most of the girls in your class are engaged in embroidery, this does not mean that absolutely every child will be interested in such an activity. Therefore, do not underestimate a student who does not have this talent.
Besides, the majority of children in modern schools treat the educational process without proper attention. It's all about the specifics of the mentality that has developed over several years of educational activity - each student must study the same subjects as his classmates. And it does not matter at all whether the child has a penchant for the natural sciences, or he understands social science and literature more.
Fortunately, more and more institutions began to switch to a specialized education system. The child himself chooses the subjects that he will study. For example, students with a profile "Mathematics and Informationtechnologies" will study algebra, geometry, physics and computer science more than others, but their lessons of the Russian language, history and literature have been reduced. Quite a convenient system that takes into account the personal qualities of the child.
Respect for the child and equality in relationships
A student-centered approach in education and upbringing is not only an individual approach to each student, but also absolute respect for each child. Tell me, which of today's teachers calls first-graders "you"? But this is exactly what any teacher should do, regardless of whether he teaches an adult graduate or a kid. Take a look at the education system in Europe or Japan and say that this method does not work.
In addition, in many schools there is such a tendency: if a student does not cope with the task, he is punished or humiliated in front of the rest of the class. For the time being, he will harbor anger and resentment within himself, after which sooner or later he will throw everything out on the teacher. Until this moment, an internal conflict will brew between the teacher and the student, the beginning of which was laid by the adult, who condemned the child in front of his peers.
The "favorite school" technology is one of the newest and most effective, some of its elements are increasingly being adopted by many educational institutions. The principle is quite simple: the main persons in kindergarten are children, and educators are adult friends with whom you can resolve any issue. The teacher willingly plays such a role,making children feel much more comfortable. However, it would be a mistake to completely adopt the methodology for the school.
Understanding the child is the main key to parenting
Most "difficult" children do not agree to perform any task just because their teachers refuse to understand them. In some cases, the child simply lacks attention and care. As a rule, it is these children who are capable of grandiose accomplishments if they get what they want so badly. Otherwise, the internal energy that has been accumulating inside the child's body all this time spills into something bad.
To understand a child, you need to put yourself in his place. How would you react in the place of a kid who received a deuce for unfulfilled homework when the reason for this was an unplanned trip of his parents? Instead of punishing your child, call his parents and ask them to plan their schedule in a way that does not interfere with the child's study. In this case, the student will respect his teacher more.
Often the educator cannot suppress the "first reaction" within himself, which in most cases is based on wrong judgments. For example, the teacher sees how the boy hit the girl, after which he immediately intervenes in the conflict, blaming the baby and arguing that this cannot be done and that he is wrong. Of course, letting go is the last thing, but before blaming the child, try to find out what led to the conflict.
That is why it is so important that student-centered education in elementary grades and kindergarten is based on the teacher's ability to understand his wards. An educator or teacher should be able to calmly analyze a certain situation and take the side of the child, even if he is wrong in many ways. After all, children never do bad deeds for no reason - the fault is in the wrong upbringing received from adults.
Recognizing the right of the baby to be himself
In the content of student-centered parenting, there is a very interesting item called "Child Recognition". Each teacher should be able not only to put himself in the place of the student, but also to come to terms with his peculiarity. After all, not all children receive love at home in sufficient quantities. The teacher cannot understand all the circumstances of the formation of the character of the baby, so he must accept him as he is.
Recognition of a person is of particular importance in the case of raising a teenager, when most of them begin to form their own consciousness, life principles, character and moral values. If a school student sees that his views on life, which were formed by personal experience, are not recognized by adults, then he ceases to respect them or even begins to despise them. That's why it's so important to accept someone else's point of view, even if it's not perfect.
As for the technology of personality-oriented education of preschoolers, it plays no less important role than the education of adolescents. After all, the formation of personality can take place even onearly stages of child development. It all depends on the situations that the baby managed to survive at his age. In some cases, five-year-olds are just beginning to communicate with their peers, while in others they have already experienced the bitterness of resentment and betrayal.
Accepting the child as he is
It is about the unconditional acceptance of the baby with all its advantages and disadvantages. Of course, this is easier said than done, because every teacher must teach the child what is good and what is bad. However, by accepting the baby, you acknowledge his readiness for changes that will occur to him under the influence of the behavior of peers and the recommendations of older people.
In most cases, teachers repeat the same mistake - they begin to accept their pupil formally. For example, a teacher promises to help a child in some business, but then refuses his words, referring to more important matters. The teacher must understand that by accepting the child, he becomes his best friend and adviser. The betrayal of such a person can be perceived much more painfully than an unfulfilled promise from a peer.
We hope now you better understand what the model of student-centered education of preschoolers and schoolchildren is. Of course, to learn such a technique, it will take several months of hard research and years of practice. However, in short, personality-oriented education of a child is an equal and individual attitude towards each child. Try to be for your pupils nota formidable teacher, but a good friend who can help to cope with any task or at least give valuable advice. Only in this case, the teacher will be able to achieve full and unconditional respect from the children, and the process of education itself will be as effective as possible.
