A person without ideas about the world around him cannot exist. Ordinary knowledge allows you to combine the wisdom of many generations, to teach everyone how to properly interact with each other. Don't believe? Then let's take a closer look at everything.
Where did knowledge come from?
Thanks to thinking, people have improved their knowledge of the reality around them for centuries. Any information that comes from the external environment is analyzed by our brain. This is a standard interaction process. It is upon this that common knowledge is built. Any result is taken into account - negative and positive. Further, it is connected by our brain with the already existing knowledge, thus the accumulation of experience takes place. This process occurs constantly and ends only at the time of death of a person.
Forms of knowledge of the world
There are several forms of knowledge of the world, and each name clearly shows what is the basis on which everything is built. In total, such knowledge can be distinguished 5:
- Ordinary. It is believed that it is from it that all other methods of knowing the world originate. And this is completely logical. After allthis knowledge is primary and every person has it.
- Religious knowledge. A fairly large percentage of people know themselves through this form. Many believe that through God you can know yourself. In most religious books, you can find a description of the creation of the world and learn about the mechanics of some processes (for example, about the appearance of a person, about the interaction of people, etc.).
- Scientific. Previously, this knowledge was in close contact with the ordinary and often followed from it as a logical continuation. At the moment, science has become isolated.
- Creative. Thanks to him, knowledge is transmitted through artistic images.
- Philosophical. This form of knowledge is built on reflections on the purpose of man, his place in the world and the universe.
The first stage of ordinary knowledge
Cognition of the world is a continuous process. And it is built on the basis of knowledge that a person receives through self-development or from other people. At first glance it may seem that this is all quite simple. But it's not. Ordinary knowledge is the result of observations, experiments and the skills of thousands of people. This baggage of knowledge has been passed down through the ages and is the result of intellectual labor.
The first step is the knowledge of a particular person. They may differ. It depends on the standard of living, education received, place of residence, religion and many other factors that directly or indirectly affect a person. An example is the rules of communication in a particular society, knowledge aboutnatural phenomena. Even the recipe that was read in the local newspaper refers specifically to the first step. Knowledge that is passed down from generation to generation also belongs to the 1st level. This is a life experience that has been accumulated professionally and is often referred to as a family affair. Often recipes for making wine are considered family property and are not told to strangers. With each generation, new ones are added to knowledge, based on the technologies of the present.
Second stage
This layer already includes collective knowledge. Various prohibitions, signs - all this refers to worldly wisdom.
For example, many signs are still used in the field of weather prediction. Signs on the topic "good luck / failure" are also popular. But it should be borne in mind that in different countries they can be directly opposite to each other. In Russia, if a black cat crosses the road, it is considered bad luck. In some other countries, this promises, on the contrary, great luck. This is a prime example of common knowledge.
Signs associated with the weather very clearly notice the slightest changes in the behavior of animals. Science knows more than six hundred animals that behave differently. These laws of nature have been formed for more than one decade and even more than one century. This accumulated life experience is used even in the modern world by meteorologists to confirm their forecasts.
The third layer of worldly wisdom
Ordinary knowledge is presented here in the form of philosophical ideas of a person. And here again they will be seendifferences. A remote villager who does housework and earns his living by doing this talks about life differently than a well-to-do city manager. The first will think that the main thing in life is honest, hard work, and the philosophical ideas of the other will be based on material values.
Worldly wisdom is based on the principles of behavior. For example, that you should not swear with your neighbors or that your shirt is much closer to your body, and you need to think about yourself first.
There are many examples of everyday knowledge of the world, and it is constantly supplemented by new patterns. This is due to the fact that a person constantly learns something new and logical connections are built by themselves. When repeating the same actions, their own picture of the world is built.
Properties of ordinary knowledge
The first point is unsystematic. Not always a particular individual is ready to develop and learn something new. He can be completely satisfied with everything that surrounds him. And the replenishment of ordinary knowledge will occur sometimes.
The second property is inconsistency. This can be especially clearly illustrated by the example of signs. For one person, a black cat that crosses the road promises grief, and for the second - happiness and good luck.
The third quality is the focus not on all spheres of human life.
Features of ordinary knowledge
These include:
- Orientation on human life and its interaction with the outside world. Worldly wisdom teaches how to run a household, how to predictweather, how to communicate with people, how to get married / get married and much more. Scientific knowledge studies the processes and phenomena associated with a person, but the process itself and the information are fundamentally different.
- Subjective. Knowledge always depends on the standard of living of a person, his cultural development, field of activity and the like. That is, a particular individual relies not only on what he was told about this or that phenomenon, but also makes his contribution. In science, everything is subject to specific laws and can be interpreted unambiguously.
- Focus on the present. Ordinary knowledge does not look far into the future. It is based on existing knowledge and has little interest in the exact sciences and their development in the future.
Differences between scientific and ordinary
Earlier, these two knowledges were closely intertwined with each other. But now scientific knowledge differs from the ordinary quite strongly. Let's take a closer look at these factors:
- Means used. In everyday life, this is usually a search for some patterns, recipes, etc. In science, special equipment is used, experiments and laws are carried out.
- Training level. To engage in science, a person must have certain knowledge, without which this activity will be impossible. In ordinary life, such things are completely unimportant.
- Methods. Ordinary knowledge usually does not single out any specific methods, everything happens by itself. In science, methodology is important, and it depends solely onwhat characteristics the object under study contains and some other factors.
- Time. Worldly wisdom is always directed to the present moment. Science, on the other hand, looks to the distant future and constantly improves the knowledge it receives for a better life for mankind in the future.
- Reliability. Ordinary knowledge is not systematic. The information that is presented usually forms a layer of knowledge, information, recipes, observations and guesses of thousands of generations of people. It can only be tested by putting it into practice. No other way will work. Science, on the other hand, contains specific patterns that are irrefutable and do not require proof.
Methods of everyday knowledge
Despite the fact that, unlike science, worldly wisdom does not have a certain mandatory set of actions, it is still possible to distinguish some methods used in life:
- Combining the irrational and the rational.
- Observations.
- Trial and error.
- Summary.
- Analogies.
These are the main methods people use. Cognition of the ordinary is a continuous process, and the human brain constantly scans the surrounding reality.
Expansion Options
Man can get ordinary knowledge in different ways.
The first is the constant contact of the individual with the outside world. A person notices patterns in his life, making them permanent. Draws conclusions from various situations, thereby formingknowledge base. This information can relate to all levels of his life: work, study, love, communication with other people, animals, luck or failure.
Second - the media. In the age of modern technology, most people have a TV, the Internet, a cell phone. Thanks to these achievements of mankind, there is always access to news, articles, films, music, art, books and much more. Through all of the above, the individual constantly receives information that is generalized with existing knowledge.
Third is getting knowledge from other people. You can often hear various sayings for any action. For example, "don't whistle - there will be no money in the house." Or everyday practical knowledge can be expressed in the advice that a young girl receives from her mother when cooking. Both examples are worldly wisdom.
Scientific and everyday life
Ordinary and scientific knowledge about society are closely intertwined with each other. Science "grew" out of everyday observations and experiments. So-called primitiveness still exists, that is, scientific and ordinary knowledge in chemistry, meteorology, physics, metrology and some other exact knowledge.
Scientists can take some assumptions from everyday life and look at their provability in a scientific environment. Also, scientific knowledge is often deliberately simplified in order to convey it to the population. The terms and descriptions used at the present time cannot always be correctly assimilated by ordinary people. Therefore, in this case, the ordinary and scientificknowledge is closely intertwined, which makes it possible for each individual to develop with the world and use modern technologies.
On the Internet, you can often find videos where, for example, physics is explained practically “on the fingers”, without using complex terms. This makes it possible to popularize science among the population, which leads to an increase in education.
