There is no doubt that making a discovery in science is an important and difficult task. It is equally important to make it public and put it into practice, make it useful. What ways and means exist for this, what obstacles does innovation usually meet, what difficulties do its developers face? Sooner or later, every scientist thinks about this.
Science as part of human culture
The existence of an ordinary person, the human community is unthinkable without the introduction of scientific discoveries and inventions into his life. We use them in all walks of life. Science gives us the opportunity to develop intellectually, physically, creatively. Her discoveries are used in he althcare, education, industry, agriculture, literally in all spheres of society. From year to year, the quality and quantity of material goods is growing.
However, despite the obvious value of scientific discoveries for our civilization, the following opinion can be found in the media: the latest scientific discoveries in the field of weapons are a direct path to destructionhumanity in the event of a world war. In addition, the intensive use of natural resources depletes natural resources, leads to irreversible pollution of the environment. In the event of crossing a certain “red line”, a global catastrophe is inevitable, the consequence of which will be the complete extinction of mankind.
International scientific communication (communication of scientists from different countries on global security issues), hopefully, will be able to find ways and means to prevent these threats to the existence of mankind.
History of scientific communication
Communication between specialists on their scientific work has always happened, even in ancient times. The proof of this is the existence of ancient philosophical schools, where ancient thinkers in the 7th-6th centuries BC exchanged opinions about their works, argued, searched for the truth.
There is irrefutable evidence that in ancient Russia there were schools for people of "every rank". Russian scribes and readers were also famous outside the country. Only clerics were allowed to teach in these schools and colleges after checking their knowledge and behavior.
Of course, in those days there was no concept of scientific communication, of the ways of disseminating scientific knowledge, although in fact it already existed. Only in the 2nd half of the 20th century did the features of the exchange of scientific information become the subject of a separate study.
The importance of communication in science
Communicationprofessionals in scientific communities is an indispensable condition for the development of scientific theory and practice. Scientific communication is the creative interaction of scientists, the exchange of information on a common problem:
- allows you to identify new approaches to its content;
- find new learning methods;
- correctly interpret the received theoretical data and practical results;
- to see new perspectives of research and application of scientific results;
- encourages creative collaboration and co-authorship among researchers;
- allows you to quickly rebuild the direction, the content of scientific efforts in the case of determining the most promising lines of research;
- attract new scientific personnel, identify the most talented researchers from among young scientists.
International scientific communication brings together scientists from different countries to solve universal, global problems: environmental, medical, international, political, etc.
Scientific communication channels
Scientific information is exchanged in various ways.
- Personal, direct, connections - conversations, reports and discussions, letters. There is a face-to-face discussion of the problem, a joint search for new scientific aspects.
- Replication, dissemination of scientific knowledge in special journals, books - indirect exchange of scientific data.
- Communications are mixed: at conferences, scientific exhibitions, presentations, both personal communication and the exchange of scientificpublications, materials, demonstration of experiments, their discussion, evaluation.
- Scientific and technological progress has made it possible for scientists to communicate using the phone, the Internet.
Their contacts by nature are official, formal, targeted, interpersonal and, conversely, informal, informal, non-addressed, impersonal. Modern scientific communications provide scientists with ample opportunities for professional communication.
Prospects for development
Solving the problems of scientific communications expands the boundaries of their development. One of the problems is the inability of scientists to tell in a timely and understandable way about the essence of their discoveries and research, about the prospects for using scientific developments. As a result, useful, necessary works gather dust in personal archives for years.
Another problem: there are practically no experienced scientific communicators - specialists in creating and maintaining interscientific contacts. They could professionally establish various internal and external relations of the world scientific community, develop various and interesting forms and methods of popularization of science and its individual representatives.
Scientific communication is also the interaction of universities with the so-called target audiences. Of interest are publications addressed to representatives of specific speci alties in industry and agriculture. Scientific conferences are organized, where there is an exchange of experience, acquaintance with new developments. Science communitybecomes active in promoting its achievements using a variety of communication formats.
Scientific knowledge to the masses
Currently, close attention in the scientific world is paid to improving contacts between science and society.
Issues of popularization of science, the formation of a scientific vision of the world among the population, the search for points of contact between scientific communications and social communications are important areas for the development of science. But even here there are unsolved problems.
For example, scientists do not feel the need to tell the general public about their work, they are not interested, since this does not affect their scientific career in any way. Journalists do not seek to receive scientific information about discoveries from their developers themselves. They have a poor command of scientific terminology, they do not know how to present scientific material in a popular way. As a result, the population receives fragmentary, vague information not first hand, sometimes significantly distorted.
That is, the problems of developing scientific communication tools exist both at the external and internal levels.
Development of intercultural and scientific ties
There is a need to improve the forms and content of intercultural scientific communication. Modern peoples actively use foreign national experience in all spheres of life and also actively provide their own for study and use.
International communication is one of the means of knowing the world, but it is quite complicated, as it is associated with the difference in traditions, withpersonal ideas (not always objective) about people of a different nationality, with peculiarities of understanding and interpreting language codes.
Intercultural scientific communication deals with the problems of communication between scientific personnel from different countries, the popularization of domestic science all over the world. Young people go abroad to study at prestigious universities and then, returning to their homeland, introduce the latest achievements of world science into life, talk about the culture of other peoples.
Scientific communication is the communication of scientists from different countries on a personal and social level, staff exchanges between universities, internships, scientific competitions, joint scientific developments, publication of printed materials. The subjects of cultural and scientific communication are faced with the task of mastering foreign languages, taking into account their semantic structures. This will help avoid distortion of meaning when translating spoken or written text from one language to another.
So let's sum it up…
Currently, scientific communication is a way of establishing interactions within and outside scientific communities. It has its own goals and objectives, forms and methods of functioning. Its importance is recognized at different levels of government, so significant measures are being taken for development.
In 2016, a professional community was created - the Association of Communicators in Education and Science (AKSON), whose goal is to develop the field of scientific communications in Russia. It was from this time that the issues of preparation began to be seriously discussed.specialists of new professions - scientific communicators, scientific press secretaries, museologists, media managers.
