In today's technology-fuelled society, developing personality and learning skills requires a lot of effort on the part of both parents and teachers. In view of this situation, a new concept has been introduced into the learning process. What is UUD? How can you help your child learn to shape their personality from an early age? How important are universal learning activities in today's society? We will try to answer these questions.
Definition of UUD
It may not be too difficult for teachers to answer the question of what ULC is, but parents often do not understand the abbreviations, and the concept of "universal learning activities" is unfamiliar to them. Many studied according to the standard scheme created in the USSR. Teachers gave knowledge at the lessons, and the process of moral education took place at home. But today the world has changed, which means that the methods of teaching children in educational institutions must also change.
Universal learning activities are a skilllearn, independently develop their abilities, as well as acquire new knowledge and apply it in practice. In fact, this is the child's ability to self-development and self-improvement. In the primary grades, it is necessary to teach the student to independently set tasks for himself, to see ways to solve them, analyze the information received and draw the right conclusions.
Today, children are well versed in technology, but at the same time they do not think about the elementary rules of behavior. What caused this unbalanced development? Will the new standards introduced in the Russian Federation be able to cope with such a difficult task as raising personalities from small children?
Reasons for changing teaching methods
The 20th century was industrial, while the 21st is informative. Children today are well versed in mobile phones, tablets and computers. The flow of information flows like a river on the yet unformed child's psyche. As a result, they are unable to process all the information they receive. As a result, children do not know how to study, independently conduct research and solve problems.
In addition, most parents focus on the intellectual development of their children and completely ignore moral and spiritual education. As a result, smart children are not able to develop communicative qualities, and at the same time, the desire to learn disappears. Pride, selfishness and inability to cooperate with other people lead to detrimental consequences both in school and in adult life.
Today it is not fashionable to read books, and especially classics. Children moreoccupied with films and video games that do not contribute to the development of mental abilities. This results in learning difficulties, poor imagination, inability to analyze the material read and think logically.
These are just some of the reasons why an overhaul of the entire education system is brewing. That is why the introduction of universal educational activities is required in secondary general education. Considering the four types of UUD will help to better understand what actions will be required from the student.
Personal UUD
Let's consider the types of UUD that relate to the development of personal qualities. They provide a value-semantic orientation of students, that is, the ability to compare events and actions with existing moral principles and moral norms. Children must learn not to get lost in relationships with others and in social roles. What activities are included?
- Self-determination. Distinguish personal, life and professional. The child must grow up as an individual and learn to express his own opinion.
- Meaning formation. In essence, learners should be asking themselves this question: “What does learning mean to me?” They need to see the connection between learning and the motive that drives action.
- Moral and ethical orientation. Evaluation of the studied material, based on social and personal values. Personal choice is given based on moral principles.
Science and education are moving forward today, and in order to instill in a child high personalqualities, it is necessary to develop a love for books. Literary reading contributes to the development of meaningful, spiritual and creative activity. It must be borne in mind that each child is an individual, he is individual and feels everything in his own way. You need to develop his personality and encourage him to read aloud to himself. This will help the student notice what is not clear to them and how they feel while reading, and will encourage them to share with their classmates.
Educational UUD
Include logical actions, general educational and sign-symbolic. These types of UUD contribute to the development of logical thinking in schoolchildren. What exactly do cognitive activities include?
Logical actions cover the analysis of objects in order to detect certain features, as well as the selection of criteria for comparing and classifying objects. Finding a causal relationship and building a consistent chain of reasoning is required. Students can present their own evidence and put forward hypotheses with personal justifications.
General educational activities include: independent setting of a cognitive goal, finding useful information, structuring the acquired knowledge. Students should be able to express their thoughts meaningfully and arbitrarily, both in writing and orally. It is necessary to solve the tasks, finding your own algorithm and solving the problems that have arisen creatively and with the search for the necessary information.
It is necessary to develop cognitive abilities in schoolchildren with the help of UUD. Math in elementary grades helps develop logicwhen solving problems, while making diagrams. A brief description of the condition of the problem gives students a certain algorithm, which they can later use to solve more complex options.
Regulatory UUD
Regulatory qualities ensure that students organize their activities. In fact, they need to be able to organize themselves. To do this, you need to learn how to set goals and achieve them. Some principles will need to be applied in learning activities.
Goal-setting teaches children to set educational tasks and correlate already known material with unfamiliar. Further planning is required - this means that the student must determine the sequence of actions in solving the problem, develop a specific plan and follow it. Forecasting will help you see the preliminary result and degree of assimilation, as well as the timeline for obtaining the result.
Control, correction and evaluation of actions will help develop self-control abilities. Controlling and comparing his work with the proposed model, correcting his actions in accordance with the correct decision, the child learns to make decisions correctly and develop a specific plan of action. Self-regulation is also required - the ability to mobilize one's own forces and overcome obstacles that have arisen.
Communicative qualities
Communicative UUDs provide social awareness and consideration of other people's views on the same issue. Children need to learn to listen and hear others, enter into a dialogue and learn to discuss the problems that have arisen in a peaceful way,discussions and build mutual relationships with peers and adults.
To cultivate these qualities, the teacher will need to create situations in which cooperation between students is envisaged. For example, you can apply UUD by technology: offer students to work together on a project by dividing the class into groups. For elementary grades, the following tasks are given: “find the differences in the same objects made by different techniques” or “what tools are needed or not needed when performing a certain task.” You can come up with a lot of tasks, the main thing is that they develop the communication skills of each child in the class.
Federal State Standard
For the development of children's learning skills and personal qualities, new standards have been introduced. The Federal State Educational Standard "School of Russia" is a federal state educational standard introduced on September 1, 2011 throughout the Russian Federation. It makes a number of demands on the teaching process in schools.
First of all, the requirements are imposed on the formation of the student's personality, and not only on the acquisition of the necessary knowledge and skills. Thus, the system completely abandons the old training program. Secondary general education should shape the personality of the student. The result of learning is personal, meta-subject and subject results.
An integral part of the new standard is the introduction of universal training activities. To introduce new methods, a UUD program was developed. Compiled for each subjecta separate textbook to help teachers develop the required skills.
Along with the acquisition of standard learning skills and the education of the student's personality, a methodology is being introduced to guide younger students in information and communication technologies, as well as to develop the ability to use them consciously. What does it look like in practice?
Introduction of UUD into subjects
Thematic planning with UUD will allow from the very first lessons to see students as individuals with their own abilities. Since the peculiarity of the new standards is not only the formation of the personality of the student, but also the introduction of modern technologies, the teacher will need good preparation. The requirements include, along with the usual skills of traditional writing, the introduction of keyboard typing on a computer. This will help your child quickly learn new technologies and develop memory, logic and the ability to communicate with peers.
Today, a whole system of textbooks for the new standards of the Federal State Educational Standard "School of Russia" has appeared. They passed the federal examination and received positive feedback from the Russian Academy of Sciences. All textbooks are included in the recommended federal list. They have revised their approach to education. The materials explain what UUD is and how to apply it in practice. According to the new standards, textbooks are aimed at developing universal learning activities in students. They also contain a methodology for involving children in the educational process in the study of all school subjects.
News
The school's UUD program helps teachers to form the given skills in children with the help of modern teaching aids. The textbooks included special tasks that develop the ability of schoolchildren to independently formulate a learning task for a given topic or a specific lesson.
The number of tasks and questions of an educational and exciting nature has been increased, as well as for working in groups or in pairs. They help the student focus on their own point of view and connect existing knowledge with real events.
The textbooks have new sections to help reflect on the learned material: “What did you learn. What have we learned”, “Check ourselves and evaluate our achievements”. The sections "Our projects", "Pages for the curious" and "Express your opinion" will help teachers develop the necessary skills in younger students.
UUD by technology
What can be new and how to include the requirements of modern standards in the learning process? The experience of experienced teachers will help in this. What is the most important thing to form in elementary school students? UUD technology requires the teacher to be attentive to their students.
He will need to develop in children the ability to evaluate their own work, for this it is necessary to develop an algorithm for evaluating their work. In this case, it is important not to compare students with each other, but to show the progress of the child in comparison with his past work.
The teacher should involve children in the discovery of new knowledge. For thisit will be necessary to discuss together what the task is for, how it can be applied in life.
One more point: it is the teacher of technology who is obliged to help children learn cooperation in a group. This basic communication skill develops only when working together. Here it is necessary to teach children to discuss the task together, find a collective solution to issues and analyze the result.
For the formation of all kinds of skills, high-quality UUD planning will be required, especially with younger students. While the children have not yet learned anything, you can use various methods and tasks. For example, the favorite children's game "spot the difference". You can specify the number of differences, or you can have the kids find and share with classmates.
There are different types of tasks that are aimed at the formation of universal learning activities. For example, participation in projects, summing up the lesson, creative tasks, visual, motor and verbal perception of music.
3 class (FGOS) with UUD can already cope with more complex tasks, including ordering, drawing up support schemes, working with various types of tables, correcting "intentional" errors, searching for the necessary information in the proposed sources, mutual control.
To test knowledge, you can use CONOP (quiz on a specific problem), interactive listening, tasks “prepare a story …”, “describe orally …”, “explain …”.
Technology can become a foothold in the development of universal learning activities.
UUD in physical education
It may seem that in a lesson like physical education, you can not bring up moral skills in children. But this is far from true. New methods of education and development of the right attitude towards one's own he alth help to use UUD in physical education.
It is the coach who can encourage you to lead a he althy lifestyle. How to develop skills in children by doing physical education? Let's start with what universal abilities can be developed.
- Firstly, the child must be able to organize their activities, selectively apply means to achieve the goal.
- Second, be able to actively cooperate with the team, join forces with peers to achieve collective goals.
- Third, only in physical education can one learn to present information simply, in an expressive and vivid form, in the process of communication and cooperation with classmates and adults.
What personality traits will students acquire? One can learn to communicate and cooperate with peers based on the principles of respect and benevolence, mutual assistance and empathy. It is equally important to be able to express the positive qualities of a person and manage their feelings in a variety of non-standard circumstances and conditions. These results will help to grow a balanced person. Physical education will contribute to discipline, diligence and perseverance in achieving the goals.
FINE
Each lesson of fine arts should be focused on solving subject problems andto form certain qualities of the child. UUD for GEF in fine arts helps to develop the necessary skills in younger students.
The teacher's example can inspire students to be more willing to explain their impressions of the picture they see, choose words to express emotions, tell elders and comrades about what they saw.
Joint creativity of children, divided into pairs or groups of several people, allows you to quickly gain positive experience in solving communicative and regulatory tasks: here children learn and conduct a conversation, and even defend their opinion, respect the opinion of a partner, focus on the final result, and not personal, but general. All this allows you to quickly join the team and acquire positive qualities.
For clarity, let's give an example of joint creativity. The children were given the task to draw mittens on their hands in the group. How can you evaluate their joint work in terms of the actions they have taken? Grading levels vary.
- Low: Patterns are drawn with obvious differences or no resemblance at all. What happened? Children do not try to negotiate among themselves, everyone insists on their preferences.
- Medium: Partial similarity - individual drawings are the same, but there are noticeable differences. The result of a bungling deal, everyone wanted something to stand out.
- High: Mittens are decorated with the same or very similar pattern. Children work with pleasure, lively discuss the available variations, compare methods of action and coordinate them, make joint plans andfollow the implementation of their ideas. This option is the best way to show what UUD is, or rather its application in practice.
In view of the requirements of new standards for teaching children new technologies, not only traditional fine arts are possible, but also the use of computer technology in teaching children. For example, to draw a picture not only on a landscape sheet, but also to produce it in a certain program. You can also teach children to take photographs, photo reports, teach them how to use graphic programs correctly.
Science and education now go hand in hand, and teaching methods must also change to meet the needs of the new generation.
