Learning Universal Actions (UUD) are the basic skills of every person in our time. After all, they are generalized skills that open up opportunities for self-improvement and self-education. In other words, it is the ability to learn.
Personal actions
UUD is usually divided into four types. The first category includes personal educational universal actions. It is they who provide the semantic and value orientation of schoolchildren. Students learn moral norms, learn to correlate events and actions with ethical principles, realize the meaning and significance of morality, try to try on social roles, which they later master in interpersonal relationships.
In this category, it is customary to distinguish three types of personal actions. The first includes life, professional and personal self-determination. The second is meaning. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, this is the name of the establishment by schoolchildrenconnections between the motive of study, its purpose, results and prospects. Meaning-making is manifested if children think about the meaning of education for them and are able to answer the question of what it means to them.
The third type is the moral and ethical orientation - one of the most important personal components that affects the moral attitude of the child.
Regulatory action
They also need to be mentioned. Educational universal activities related to this category provide students with the organization of their educational activities.
Take, for example, goal setting. It implies the ability of the student to set himself a learning task. Goal-setting in this situation is carried out on the basis of correlation of the studied with the unknown.
Also, regulative educational universal actions include planning. A person who knows how to determine the sequence of intermediate goals and draw up some kind of “orientation” for achieving them can have great prospects in the future.
The same category of actions includes forecasting, the ability to control one's activity, correct and adequately evaluate it. And of course, we can not forget about self-regulation. Educational universal actions are much easier to develop and improve if a person is able to use his will, as well as mobilize his energy and strength. However, teachers and parents should accustom children to all this. Without showing interest and working on oneself, the makings of even the most useful qualities and skills“Fade away.”
Cognitive activities
This is the third category. It should be noted with attention, talking about the universal educational activities for the Federal State Educational Standard. It is teachers who should actively contribute to the development of cognitive skills of their pupils. These include general learning and logical abilities, as well as problem posing and subsequent problem solving.
The teacher is obliged to develop in children the ability to independently identify and formulate a cognitive goal, find the necessary information, structure the knowledge gained, consciously and competently build speech, read meaningfully.
In the process of getting an education, schoolchildren receive new universal learning activities. They become able to analyze and synthesize, establish causal relationships, build a logical chain of reasoning, prove the correctness of their words, put forward and substantiate hypotheses, formulate problems and independently create ways to solve them. All of these actions children learn to carry out in the process of classes. After all, lessons are the main pedagogical tool for implementing the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Communicative actions
Every person carries them out almost from birth. After all, people are social creatures. Many universal learning activities are communicative in nature.
Take, for example, the planning of cooperation between the teacher andpupils. Together they determine the goals, functions of the participants, choose the methods of interaction. Collectively seek and collect information, identify and identify problems, and look for ways to solve them. In ambiguous situations, the ability to control and correct the opponent's behavior is manifested.
Also, in the process of getting an education, children master the dialogic and monologue forms of speech. These skills also include universal learning activities for GEF. Children must master the norms of their native language during the course of schooling.
About the formation of UUD
All of the above skills, abilities and qualities do not arise from scratch. The formation of universal learning activities is a complex process carried out and controlled by teachers.
Their goal is to provide their students with assistance in the process of mastering all components of educational activities. Each child under their guidance should become a person with the basics of moral behavior and general learning skills. This is the model of a primary school graduate, declared by the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Results
Successfully implemented program of universal educational activities favorably reflects on the level of development of children. They gain the ability to learn independently, set goals for themselves, seek and apply information to complete the task, control the process, and also give an adequate assessment of the results.
UUD are the skills you needto lay at all lessons of elementary school. No wonder the founder of scientific pedagogy, Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky, said that every lesson should be a goal for the teacher. Pupils must constantly improve and learn something new in all lessons without exception.
About the process
Now we can talk a little about how universal learning activities are carried out in the classroom. There are many methods. But the most popular is the use of intellectual games. After all, we are talking about elementary grades. And they teach children who are still at the age when they want to have fun.
Game is a powerful means of socializing a child, contributing to the development of empathy, reflection, and the ability to look at oneself from the outside. What UDD can be developed in children by this method? Variety. The game "Associations" contributes to the formation of the ability to think associatively. The point is simple. The teacher calls one word, and the children begin to name what they associate with it.
Then the principle gets more complicated. The teacher lists several words at once, and the children must distribute them into two groups, each of which is characterized by some feature. The row can be as follows: a cat, a sofa, a dog, a parrot, a table, a wardrobe, a drawer, a dolphin, an armchair. In this case, the students will distinguish two groups, in one of which they will bring animals, and in the other - furniture. And this is just one such example. In fact, mind games exist in large numbers, which is good news. After all, each lesson for children can become diverse and at the same timeeducational.
Specifics and challenges
It is important to note that in our time the development of universal learning activities is not carried out in the same way as before. There are many reasons for this.
Gradually, preschool activities are losing their relevance - they are being replaced by educational-type activities. Because of what, in the life of children there is a completely meager plot-role-playing aspect of the game. A preschooler learns the motivational sphere too early. And this is not good, because first the child must form a psychological readiness for educational activities.
This is the first thing modern parents need to understand. Who are accustomed to focus on mental development, forgetting about the spiritual and moral component.
Children's awareness has also grown. Also, the Internet has replaced literary reading, which is very bad. It is very difficult for children who do not read to master the method of semantic analysis of texts, to develop imagination and logical thinking. Many preschoolers become intellectually passive because they have unlimited access to the World Wide Web, and if they need to learn something, they do not study, but simply search for it online.
Tasks of the teacher
The teacher has countless goals. He should draw the attention of pupils to the developmental value of all the tasks that they perform. He also needs to prove the need to acquire this or that knowledge, assure children of its usefulness.and practicality. It is desirable for the teacher to interest schoolchildren in discovering new knowledge, developing memory, and carrying out extracurricular activities for the purpose of self-development.
Besides this, the teacher invites pupils to participate in various events and collective creative activities, encourages their initiative, and always gives them the opportunity to correct a mistake. And that's not even 1/10 of what a teacher does. Therefore, highly qualified teachers are invaluable. After all, they do not just implement the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard - they help children grow up as worthy and competent individuals with prospects.
