Pedagogical technology (PT) is a structure consisting of all elements of the pedagogical process. It is based on scientific research and has a clear plan of action in time and space.
The main goal of this technology is to achieve the intended results using special methods and tools.
Essence
The structure of the content of pedagogical technology is built on a special methodology. It lies in the absolute controllability of the educational process. And also in the planning and reproduction of the pedagogical cycle, in the exact achievement of the goal.
Technology is based on the following three aspects:
- Scientific - study and development of goals, methods, structures of learning and planning of educational processes.
- Procedural-descriptive - recreating a process that will lead to the achievement of planned results, finding ways to introducedeveloped methodology in pedagogical activity.
- Procedurally effective - the implementation of the educational process.
Main Levels
The structure of the concept of pedagogical technology consists of three interrelated levels:
- General - includes elements of the pedagogical system (goals, means and content of the learning process, building an activity algorithm).
- Private (subject) - planned within the framework of only one of the teaching methods (teaching mathematics, history, natural science).
- Local - specializes in solving a particular problem (conducting a lesson, a final test, repeating the material covered).
Approach options
The technological approach in pedagogy allows you to master the subject of study from different angles: both conceptual and design. It empowers:
- plan results and manage educational processes with considerable certainty;
- analyze and systematize existing experience and its practical use on a scientific basis;
- solve problems in education and upbringing in many ways;
- create favorable conditions for personal development;
- minimize the effect of negative circumstances on participants in the process;
- use available resources efficiently;
- apply advanced methods to solve various social problems and develop a new methodology.
However, it should be noted that there are no universal methods in the structure of pedagogical technology. This approach complements other scientific approaches of psychology, sociology and pedagogy, but cannot be applied separately.
Manufacturability criteria
The developed technology must meet the main requirements of the methodology. They are called manufacturability criteria, which include:
- handling;
- systematic;
- reproducibility;
- efficiency;
- conceptuality.
Controllability in the structure of pedagogical technology implies the possibility of preliminary planning of the learning process, diagnostics, adjustment of means and methods to achieve results.
Systemacity implies that the developed PT should have the properties of a single system: the logic of a step-by-step process, integrity, communication between all its parts.
Reproducibility provides the possibility of repetition by other subjects of this PT in the same type of educational institutions.
Efficiency suggests that today pedagogical approaches are in a competitive environment. Therefore, they must show high results and be optimal in terms of material costs, as well as guarantee the achievement of a training standard.
Conceptuality implies that each technology should be based on one of the scientific concepts, which includes didactic, social andpedagogical and psychological justification.
PT structure
Manufacturability criteria are the basis for the system of the considered approach. The structure of pedagogical technologies includes:
- learning content;
- learning concept;
- technological process.
Training content includes goals - general and specific, as well as a system of educational material.
Teaching concept is the research base of technology and pedagogical ideas. Which are the basis of it.
The procedural part of the structure of pedagogical technology is represented, in turn, by the combination of the following elements:
- organization of the learning process;
- method of educational activities of students;
- teaching methodology;
- management of the process of memorization and assimilation of material;
- diagnostics of the learning process.
Horizontal system
The horizontal structure of pedagogical technology consists of three interrelated elements. Consider them in more detail:
- Scientific. Technology is presented as a scientifically developed solution to a problem. It builds on previous generations of science and best practices;
- Descriptive. The pedagogical approach is presented as a visual model, a description of goals, means and methods. An algorithm of actions necessary to achieve the set goals is also provided;
- Procedural-activity. Pedagogical technology is the very process of implementing the activities of objects and subjects.
Vertical system
Each pedagogical technology affects one of the areas of the learning process. It, in turn, includes its own system of elements. In addition, this area may itself be part of a high-level activity.
The elements of this hierarchy make up the vertical structure of pedagogical technologies. There are four in total:
- Metatechnologies describe the process of learning at the level of implementation of social policy in the educational field. These include the education of preschoolers, the technology of managing the quality of education in the district, the technology of education in the anti-alcohol direction.
- Macro technologies (industry technologies) cover activities within an educational field or academic discipline. For example, the technology of teaching one of the subjects.
- Mesotechnologies (modular technologies) are technologies for the implementation of individual parts of the educational process. These include the development of approaches to the study of one topic or lesson, the repetition of knowledge as part of one module.
- Microtechnologies direct their activities to solving operational problems and to the individual interaction of the subjects of the process of education and upbringing. For example, the technology of obtaining writing skills, trainings on the personal development of the individual.
Teaching Methods
One of the components of the structure of pedagogical technologies can beinclude teaching methods - forms of ordered activity of the teacher and students.
The success of learning, as a rule, largely depends on the concentration and internal activity of students, on the type of their activities. Therefore, the nature of the activity, the level of independence and creativity in the task should be important criteria for determining the main teaching method.
For each next form, the degree of independence in completing the task increases.
Classification of teaching methods
In the description of the structure of pedagogical technology, five teaching methods are distinguished:
- Explanatory-illustrative - a teaching method in which students acquire knowledge in lectures, in textbooks and manuals through ready-made materials. Perceiving and comprehending information, students are within the framework of reproducing thinking. This method is the most common for transferring large amounts of information in higher education.
- Reproductive - a method in which the application of what has been learned in practice is demonstrated using a visual example. The activity of students in this case is based on the algorithm and is carried out according to the rules of action in similar situations.
- Problem presentation method - an approach in which the teacher, before presenting the material, shows the problem and forms a problem that needs to be solved. Then by providing a system of evidence and comparing different pointsperspective and approaches, indicates ways to solve the problem. Students are thus participants in scientific research.
- The partially search method of teaching shows the organization of the search for a solution to the problems put forward either under the guidance of a teacher, or on the basis of the rules and instructions provided. The process of finding answers is productive, but at the same time it is controlled by the teacher from time to time.
- Research - a teaching method where, after analyzing information, posing a problem and briefly instructing in oral or written form, students study literature, various sources, make observations and search for other possible methods. In such work, initiative, independence, and creativity are most fully manifested. Methods of learning activity become ways of conducting scientific research.
Role of PT
Thus, the structure of pedagogical technology has the properties of various subjects. As a science, it is engaged in the research and design of rational and effective ways of learning. How the system of algorithms, methods and regulators of pedagogical activity is being introduced directly into the education process.
Pedagogical technology, therefore, can be presented either as a complex of aspects in the form of a scientific concept and project, or as a description of an action program, or as a process that is actually being implemented in the field of education. This is important to understand.
