So, inorganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that is associated with the study of the ability to react and the properties of all elements of the periodic system of chemical elements and their compounds.
This section studies all compounds of elements, except for organic substances, the basis of which is carbon (with the exception of any simple compounds related to inorganic chemistry).
What then is the difference between inorganic and organic compounds containing carbon? The chemistry of inorganic compounds studies the elements and the simple or complex substances formed by them. Its main task is to develop ways to create new technological achievements. Also, it is she who provides the formation of materials for the advanced achievements of science and all modernity. In 2013, about 500 thousand inorganic substances were known.
The fundamental principle of inorganic chemistry is the Periodic Law of D. I. Mendeleev and his system of chemical elements.
So, the classes of inorganic substances are as follows: oxides, bases, acids ands alt.
Oxides
Let's talk about oxides. An oxide is a binary compound, in the first place of which there is an element, and in the second - oxygen. Oxides can be s alt-forming and non-s alt-forming. S alt-forming oxides, in turn, are divided into basic, acidic and amphoteric.
Basic oxide - a binary compound of oxygen with a metal, the oxidation state of which is I or II. Acid oxides are binary compounds with non-metals and metals with an oxidation state of IV-VII. Amphoteric oxides (with variable properties due to the conditions in which they are located) - metal oxides with oxidation states III and IV and exceptions - ZnO, BeO, SnO, PbO.
Foundations
Next are the bases. The formula consists of a metal in the first place, and a hydroxyl group - (OH). The amount depends on the valency of the metal. The most interesting group of substances are bases. The formula can tell a lot about them.
Base can be soluble (alkali) and insoluble.
Each base corresponds to a specific oxide. The formulas of oxides and bases are related. As a result, the following groups of bases are defined:
- Basic hydroxides are a base with a formula containing a metal of oxidation state +1 and +2. It exhibits basic properties.
- Acid hydroxides - a base with a formula containing a metal of oxidation state +5 and +6. Such oxides exhibit acidic properties.
- Amphoteric hydroxides - a base with a formula that contains a metal with an oxidation state of +3, +4, +2 (in some special cases). Amphoteric hydroxides can exhibit both acidic and basic properties. It depends on the conditions the metal is in.
Sometimes water is called hydroxide. Hydroxides are often called amphoteric or basic bases.
Bases are obtained by the interactions of metals from the group of alkali and alkaline earth (IA and IIA groups).
The main chemical property of insoluble bases is decomposition into oxide and water.
Acids
Acids are compounds of inorganic chemistry, which consist of hydrogen, which comes first, and an acid residue. Depending on the content or lack of oxygen in the acid, it can be oxygen-containing and oxygen-free. According to the number of hydrogen atoms in the first place, it can be monobasic, dibasic, tribasic and polybasic. There are a lot of classifications, but these are the main ones. Base and acid formulas are related. Their dissociation process is similar, and they contain both strong and weak electrolytes.
S alts
Only s alt remains. S alts are inorganic compounds consisting of a metal in the first place, and an acid residue in the second. The main classification of s alts is the division into medium, acidic, basic and complex s alts.
Concluding, it must be said that inorganic chemistry is the starting point in the knowledge of this exact science.
